This research deals with the rhetoric purposes of the passive voice in the holy Quran. First, we put an introductory to the concept of the Quran language and its difference of the spoken Arabic language during the revelation period. Besides; we gave a brief about the structure passive voice form of Arabic language. Second, we explained the purposes of passive voice used in the holly Quran with sufficient examples, commentaries and clarifications about all the cases. Rhetoric purposes that we deals with are: concision, emphasize an idea, avoid using the subject because it is known and clear for all or because it is really unknown, etc. This part has contained the most important purposes for the use of passive voice in holy Quran. At the end

The paper contains a theoretical analysis of the interrelation between methodology of economics used by economic researchers and the methodology of scientific research, encouraging readers to think differently about one of the most complicated & controversial subjects.

The analysis begins with the determination of propositions that were discussed and explained in the course of the argument.

1- The economic researcher, like a scientific one, goes after the procedures of physical sciences and benefits of the forms of logic.

2- Economics deals with human behavior while the natural sciences deal with the matter.

3-This similarity a

Aims to find out the (Extent of mathematics teachers' appreciation of the mathematical problem `multiple solutions) Research sample consisted of (100) mathematics teachers distributed on the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad (Rusafa 1/2/3) and (Karkh 1/2/ 3) There was two research approach which are: The first - two different answers of students to the same issue where teachers must assess each answer and explain which one the teacher will accept and why? The second - Different solutions of students' to the same issue, including wrong answers , Teachers should correct the answers and give them final grades (0-10). Descriptive and analytical Approch was used in this research methodology And zero hypotheses, which are as f

n this study, data or X-ray images Fixable Image Transport System (FITS) of objects were analyzed, where energy was collected from the body by several sensors; each sensor receives energy within a specific range, and when energy was collected from all sensors, the image was formed carrying information about that body. The images can be transferred and stored easily. The images were analyzed using the DS9 program to obtain a spectrum for each object,an energy corresponding to the photons collected per second. This study analyzed images for two types of objects (globular and open clusters). The results showed that the five open star clusters contain roughly t

The charge density distributions (CDD) and the elastic electron scattering form factors, F(q), of the ground state for some 1f-2p shell nuclei, such as 74Ge, 76Ge, 78Se and 80Se nuclei have been calculated based on the use of occupation numbers of the states and the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator potential with size parameters chosen to reproduce the observed root mean square charge radii for all considered nuclei. It is found that introducing additional parameters, namely β1 and β2 which reflect the difference of the occupation numbers of the states from the prediction of the simple shell model leads to a remarkable agreement between the calculated and experimental results of the charge density distributions

In this paper two main stages for image classification has been presented. Training stage consists of collecting images of interest, and apply BOVW on these images (features extraction and description using SIFT, and vocabulary generation), while testing stage classifies a new unlabeled image using nearest neighbor classification method for features descriptor. Supervised bag of visual words gives good result that are present clearly in the experimental part where unlabeled images are classified although small number of images are used in the training process.

To decrease the dependency of producing high octane number gasoline on the catalytic processes in petroleum refineries and to increase the gasoline pool, the effect of adding a suggested formula of composite blending octane number enhancer to motor gasoline composed of a mixture of oxygenated materials (ethanol and ether) and aromatic materials (toluene and xylene) was investigated by design of experiments made by Mini Tab 15 statistical software. The original gasoline before addition of the octane number blending enhancer has a value of (79) research octane number (RON). The design of experiments which study the optimum volumetric percentages of the four variables, ethanol, toluene, and ether and xylene materials leads

 The rate of electron transfer from N3 sensitized by dye to TiO2 semiconductor in variety solvent have been calculated as a function of reorientation energy effective free energy , volume of semiconductor , attenuation and lattice constant of semiconductor .       A very strong dependence of the electron transfer rate constant on the reorientation and effective free energy .Results of calculation indicate that TiO2 is available to use with N3 dye .Our calculation results show that a good agreement with experimental result

In this paper the method of singular value decomposition  is used to estimate the ridge parameter of ridge regression estimator which is an alternative to ordinary least squares estimator when the general linear regression model suffer from near multicollinearity.

    In this study, we present different methods of estimating fuzzy reliability of a two-parameter Rayleigh distribution via the maximum likelihood estimator, median first-order statistics estimator, quartile estimator, L-moment estimator, and mixed Thompson-type estimator. The mean-square error MSE as a measurement for comparing the considered methods using simulation through different values for the parameters and unalike sample sizes is used. The results of simulation show that the fuzziness values are better than the real values for all sample sizes, as well as  the fuzzy reliability at the estimation  of the Maximum likelihood Method, and Mixed Thompson Method perform better than the other methods in the sense of MSE, so that