Lignin has emerged as a promising asphalt binder modifier due to its sustainable and renewable nature, with the potential to improve flexible pavement performance. This study investigates the use of Soda Lignin Powder (SLP), derived from Pinus wood sawdust via alkaline treatment, as an asphalt modifier to enhance mixture durability. SLP was characterized using Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM/EDX), revealing significant changes in its chemical structure post-extraction. These analyses showed the presence of phenolic units, including hydroxyphenyl propane, syringyl, and guaiacyl units. The morphology of SLP was identified

The research problem lies in: The use of positive and negative flexibility exercises to develop the special strength of the 400m hurdles player, that some young people face weakness and a problem in performance, which requires the need to prepare special exercises for physical and skill numbers using the types of exercises that have resilient strength, flexibility and have the effect on developing and determining the level of physical and skill performance. To develop 400m hurdles, special strength, explosive power and the characteristic velocity of arms and legs. Research aims: 1. Preparing positive and negative flexibility exercises to develop the special force and the effectiveness of 400m youth barriers. 2. Identify the effect of exerci

Productivity estimating of ready mixed concrete batch plant is an essential tool for the successful completion of the construction process. It is defined as the output of the system per unit of time. Usually, the actual productivity values of construction equipment in the site are not consistent with the nominal ones. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation of the nominal productivity of equipment concerning the effected factors and then re-evaluate them according to the actual values.

In this paper, the forecasting system was employed is an Artificial Intelligence technique (AI). It is represented by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to establish the predicted model to estimate wet ready mixe

The action of high repeated trucks load associated with dramatically elevated ambient temperatures leads to the most harmful distress in asphalt pavements occurred in Iraq known as rutting. Essentially, it is produced from the accumulation of irrecoverable strains, which mainly occurred in the asphalt layers. That visually demonstrated as a longitudinal depression in the wheel paths as well as small upheavals to the sides. Poly Phosphoric Acid (PPA) has been used as a means of producing modified asphalt binders and the interest to use it has increased in recent years. The PPA provides modified asphalt binder, which is relatively cheaply produced compared to polymer-modified asphalt. In this paper, PPA was used by three-percentages 1

This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of using Hydrated lime as a (partial substitute) by weight of filler (lime stone powder) with five consecutive percentage namely (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0) % by means of aggregate treatment, by introducing dry lime on dry and 2–3% Saturated surface aggregate on both wearing and binder coarse. Marshall design method, indirect tensile test and permanent deformation under repeated loading of Pneumatic repeated load system at full range of temperature (20, 40, 60) C0 were examined The study revealed that the use of 2.0% and 1.5 % of dry and wet replacement extend the pavement characteristics by improving the Marshall properties and increasing the TSR%. Finally, increase permanent

 A dynamic analysis method has been developed to investigate and characterize embedded delamination on the dynamic response of composite laminated structures. A nonlinear finite element model for geometrically large amplitude free vibration intact plate and delamination plate analysis is presented using higher order shear deformation theory where the nonlinearity was introduced  in the Green-Lagrange sense. The governing equation of the vibrated plate were derived using the Variational approach. The effect of different orthotropicity ratio, boundary condition and delamination size on the non-dimenational fundamental frequency and frequency ratios of plate for different stacking sequences are studied. Finally th

Abstract

 The current research aims to identify the analysis of the questions for the book of literary criticism for the preparatory stage according to Bloom's classification. The research community consists of (34) exercises and (45) questions. The researcher used the method of analyzing questions and prepared a preliminary list that includes criteria that are supposed to measure exercises, which were selected based on Bloom's classification and the extant literature related to the topic. The scales were exposed to a jury of experts and specialists in curricula and methods of teaching the Arabic language. The scales obtained a complete agreement. Thus, it was adapted to become a reliable instrument in this

This work was carried to study the capability of activated alumina from bauxite compared with activated carbon adsorption capability to reduce the color content from Al-Hilla Textile Company wastewater. Six dyes were studied from two types(reactive and dispersed) namely (blue, red, yellow) from wastewater and aqueous solutions.
Forty eight experiments were carried out to study the effect of various initial conditions (bed height, flow rate, initial concentration, pH value, temperature, and competitive adsorption) on adsorption process.
The results showed that the adsorption process using activated carbon insured a good degree of color reduction reaching (99.7%) and was better than activated bauxite which reached (95%).

Background: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of addition of Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs) of different concentrations (0.05 mg.mL-1,0.25 mg.mL-1,0.5 mg.mL-1and1 mg.mL-1) on dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO and distilled water (DW) on tooth enamel. It intends to evaluate enamel microhardness in (Kg. m-2) pre and post the application of Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNTs). Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens prepared for the present study to measure the hardness of the enamel. Results: The results showed that a significant increase in the enamel microhardness for groups 0.05 mg/mL (group B), 0.25 mg/mL (group C), 0.5 mg/mL (group D) and 1 mg/mL (group E) compared with control group (group A) in dimethyl sulphoxi