Aluminum alloys widely use in production of the automobile and the aerospace because
they have low density, attractive mechanical properties with respect to their weight, better
corrosion and wear resistance, low thermal coefficient of expansion comparison with traditional
metals and alloys. Recently, researchers have shifted from single material to composite materials
to reduce weight and cost, improve quality, and high performance in structural materials.
Friction stir processing (FSP) has been successfully researched for manufacturing of metal
matrix composites (MMCs) and functional graded materials (FGMs), find out new possibilities
to chemically change the surfaces. It is shown that the technique of FSP is very promising to
modify the microstructure of strengthened metal matrix composite materials. There has the
benefit of decline in distortion and flaw of material when FSP uses instead of other
manufacturing processes. The aim of the present work is to give a review of technology of (FSP)
as a method to produce the aluminium matrix composite, and conclusions of this review will be
demonstrated.
Aluminium Matrix Composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing A Review
frictions stir processing
metal matrix composite materials
aluminium alloys
Publication Date
Tue Jan 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of The Utilitarian Need For the High Water Tanks Towers to Sustain Life in the City
water towers
elevated water storages
water management
storage capacity
composite elevated storage tanks
multi-column elevated storage tanks
fluted elevated storage tanks.
The service system has become a necessity of life in modern cities to be the most basic necessities of modern humans, they constitute a major base, which is based on the sustainability of life in the city and a standard measured through the degree of well-being and progress of civilized peoples and their interaction with the surrounding environment, making the services sector as a need not be an option, whenever the cities widened in population and space whenever provision of services and upgrading the quality and quantity more pressing, which made the subject of the services takes the biggest area of the trends and thinking of urban planners and those who in charge of drawing the cities policies. Consideri
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Tue Oct 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
An investigation into the implications of partial substitution of selenium with lead on the thermal properties for S<sub>60</sub>Se<sub>40-X</sub>Pb<sub>X</sub> Chalcogenide Compound
Abstract<p>This study includes the manufacture of four ternary alloys represented S<sub>60</sub>Se<sub>40-X</sub>Pb<sub>X</sub> with weight ratios x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 by the melting point method. The components of each alloy were mixed separately, then placed in quartz ampoules and vacuumed out with a vacuum of roger that 10<sup>−4</sup> Torr. The ampule was heated in two stages to avoid sudden dissipation and precipitation of selenium on the inner mass of the quartz tube. The ampoule was gradually heated and kept at 450°C for approximately 4 hours followed by 950°C for 10 hours.at a rate of 10 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the electric furnace</p>
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Engineering controlled terms
Electric arc furnaces
Glass manufacture
Lead alloys
Melting point
Selenium compounds
Engineering uncontrolled terms
950° C
Chalcogenide compound
Melting point method
Partial substitution
Property
Quartz ampoule
Quartz tubes
Rapid cooling
Thermal
Weight ratios
Engineering main heading
Heat flux
Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Polyhedron
Novel dichloro (bis {2-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1, 2, 3-triazol-4-yl-κN3] pyridine-κN}) metal (II) coordination compounds of seven transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd)
The 1
3-dipolar cycloaddition “click” reaction between an azide and an alkyne to give a 1
2
3-triazole was reported by Huisgen in 1961 [1]. In 2002 the Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) to prepare a 1
2
3-triazole was reported [2]
[3]. The existence of relatively basic nitrogen atoms in the 1
2
3-triazole rings
and the possibility of introducing additional donor groups in the substituents (Fig. 1)
made the CuAAC “click” reaction an attractive method to prepare differently substituted 1
2
3-triazoles. These compounds have been used as ligands to coordinate to various metal ions that display a range of applications such as in electrochemical and photochemical studies
in supramolecular chemistry
magnetism
metal-ion sensing and catalysis [4]. The reasons for the success of the “click” reaction
is that it is easy to carry out and is widely applicable. It is not affected by a variety of functional groups
and can be carried out with a variety of Cu(I) catalysts and solvents
including aqueous conditions. The Cu(I) catalysts overcome the high activation energy barrier of the non-catalyzed Huisgen reaction by changing the mechanism of the reaction. A large variety of copper catalysts can be used for the CuAAC reaction
on condition that the maximum concentration of Cu(I) species is generated during the reaction. The pre-catalyst can be a Cu(II) salt (usually CuSO4) together with a reducing agent (often sodium ascorbate) or a Cu(I) compound in the presence of a base or amine ligand and a reducing agent to prevent oxidation to Cu(II). Some strong oxidising cupric salts or complexes such as Cu(OAc)2 also work. The solvent is very flexible from organic to aqueous
with the most commonly used combination water + an alcohol (t-BuOH
MeOH or EtOH). The key role of the solvent or solvent mixture is to solubilize the substrates and Cu(I) catalyst in order to ensure rapid reactions. Such aqueous conditions are very useful for biochemical conjugations
as well as for organic syntheses.
We recently reported on the synthesis of a series of differently substituted 1
2
3-triazole chromophores
the substituted 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1
2
3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine ligands [5]
see Fig. 2 middle
with substituents R = H (L1)
CH3 (L2)
OCH3 (L3)
COOH
F
Cl
CN
CF3
O(CH2)3CH3 and N(CH3)2. These versatile ligands were found to coordinate to various first row transition metals
such as manganese
cobalt and nickel [6]. Here we extend the series to include more first row transition metal(II) coordination compounds
iron
copper and zinc
as well as a second row transition metal(II) coordination compound
cadmium
containing the 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1
2
3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine chromophore (Fig. 2 right with R = CH3). This series of seven novel coordination compounds is the first series of pyridyl-triazole based transition metal coordination compounds where seven different transition metals are coordinated to the same 1
2
3-triazole chromophore
namely 2-(1-(4-methyl-phenyl)-1H-1
2
3-triazol-1-yl)pyridine.
Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Stability Study of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Pyrazol Derivative
In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate
which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV)
Zr(IV)
Rh(III)
Pd(II)
Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1
2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy
as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N)
flame atomic absorption technique
FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy
in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method
which gave comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. As well as the appa
In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1, 2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in additio
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