An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection and radiation in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two horizontal concentric cylinders. The outer cylinders are of (100, 82 and70mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of 27 mm outside diameter with (or without) annular fins attached to it. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at a low temperature inside a freezer. The experiments were carried out for an annulus filled with
glass beads at a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra≤ 69), radiation parameter (0<Rd<10), with fin length of (Hf=3, 7 and 11mm), with radius ratios of (Rr=(r1/r2) =0.1405,0.2045, 0.293 and 0.3649 ), number of fins (n=0, 12, 23 and 45). Finite difference method with Boussinesq's approximation is used to solve the continuity, energy and momentum equations.
The numerical solution is capable of calculating the streamline, the temperature field, the velocity field, the local and average Nusselt number. A computer program in Mat lab has been built to carry out the numerical solution. The numerical study was done for a range of modified Rayleigh number (4.9 ≤ Ra ≤ 300). Results show that the average Nusselt number is nearly constant for Ra less than 100 and increased with an increase in modified Rayleigh number.
Nusselt number hardly affected by glass beads size and insignificant affected by Rd for Ra less than 100. Decreasing Rr cause clearly increase in average Nusselt number and increasing fin length or fin number decrease heat transfer.
This study aims to recognize the most common thinking styles and level of the need for cognitive university students , the relation between thinking styles and the need for cognitive, and there are differences according to gender .The sample consists of (250) males and females university students for the academic year (2013-2014), and the researcher uses two scales;" thinking styles scale (Harison &Bramson, 1986), and the need for cognitive scale" (Cacioppo, Petty & Kao , 1996).
The results show that there is difference in the range of the prevalence of the thinking styles among university students , the scientific thinking style is the most common , the students have got the arrange level of the need for cognitive , and there
importumt educational institution as (kindergartens) need teachers which qualified ownes modalities in their education for children , as Marzanu method in a way of learning and own methods of crisis management, because the teachers that own those styles of learning ginekindergarten children knowledge and the childrenIeaving based on theMeaing and knowledge and integration of their information, And teachers that earn methods of crisis management provide for the children of the kindergarten security within the educational institution which in turn affect the growth and development of the Child and then abilities, health physical, mental, psychological …etc.., The aims of the current research have identified to recognize: 1- the dimension
... Show MoreThis research studies the possibility of producing Bone China with available local and geological substitutes and other manufactured ones since it’s traditionally produced by Bone ash, Cornish stone, and China clay, while the substitutes are Kaolin instead of China clay and Feldspar potash instead of Cornish stone. Because of the unavailability of Feldspar in Iraq, it was substituted with the manufactured alternative Feldspar. Bone ash was prepared from cow bones with heating treatments, grinding and sifting. The alternative Feldspar was prepared by chemical analysis of the natural Feldspar potash with local materials that include Dwaikhla Kaolin, Urdhuma Silica sand, Potassium Carbonate, and Sodium Carbonate. The mixture was burned at
... Show MoreThis work studied the electrical and thermal surface conductivity enhancement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) clouded by double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) by using pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Variable input factors are considered as the laser energy (or the relevant power), pulse duration and pulse repetition rate. Results indicated that the DWCNTs increased the PMMA’s surface electrical conductivity from 10-15 S/m to 0.813×103 S/m while the MWCNTs raised it to 0.14×103 S/m. Hence, the DWCNTs achieved an increase of almost 6 times than that for the MWCNTs. Moreover, the former increased the thermal conductivity of the surface by 8 times and the later by 5 times.
The current study aims at identifying:
1-The intellectual stress of counselors according to gender variable (male, female ).
2-The five major factors of the Counselor's Personality.
3- The relationship between intellectual stress and the five major factors of the councilors' personality and according to gender variable (male, female ).
4-The significant differences in the relationship between intellectual stress and the five major factors of the councilors' personality and according to gender variable (male, female ).
The sample of the study includes (260) counselors (130 male
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