In data transmission a change in single bit in the received data may lead to miss understanding or a disaster. Each bit in the sent information has high priority especially with information such as the address of the receiver. The importance of error detection with each single change is a key issue in data transmission field.
The ordinary single parity detection method can detect odd number of errors efficiently, but fails with even number of errors. Other detection methods such as two-dimensional and checksum showed better results and failed to cope with the increasing number of errors.
Two novel methods were suggested to detect the binary bit change errors when transmitting data in a noisy media.Those methods were: 2D-Checksum method and Modified 2D-Checksum. In 2D-checksum method, summing process was done for 7×7 patterns in row direction and then in column direction to result 8×8 patterns. While in modified method, an additional parity diagonal vector was added to the pattern to be 8×9. By combining the benefits of using single parity (detecting odd number of error bits) and the benefits of checksum (reducing the effect of 4-bit errors) and combining them in 2D shape, the detection process was improved. By contaminating any sample of data with up to 33% of noise (change 0 to 1 and vice versa), the detecting process in first method was improved by approximately 50% compared to the ordinary traditional two dimensional-parity method and gives best detection results in second novel method
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Measurement of radon concentration level was carried out in 40 houses in Al – Najaf city during summer season of 2012. Long term measurement of indoor of old building radon concentrations have been taken, using a previously calibrated passive diffusion dosimeters containing CR – 39 solid state nuclear track detectors which are very sensitive for alpha particles. The measurement of the indoor radon concentration obtained in summer in these regions ranged from 11.654±4.216 Bq.m-3 to 53.610±8.777 Bq.m-3. The results were within universally permitted levels. |
It can be said that the Security of water in Basra from the visual task vital strategic issues of concern to the attention of researchers in various attributions and those interested in water, environmental, economic, social, cultural and political affairs ... etc. This view of the great importance of the issue of water in the occupied Basra, which is characterized by parochialism and scarcity, When looking at the sources of our daily lives and in our reality today. We find that millions of people living on the two main exporters Tabaaan oil and water. And depleted oil wealth However Manfred him the most attention because we entered it surpasses all other sources of income, but is not it a littl
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Seeking happiness and searching for it have been among the priorities of mankind from the beginning of his creation and will remain so until the end of this world, and even in the next life, he seeks happiness, but the difference is that a person can work in this world to obtain it, but in the next life he is expected to get what he done in this world. And among these reasons are practical actions that a person undertakes while he intends to draw close to God Almighty, so they lead him to attain his desired perfection, and to attain his goals and objectives, which is the minimum happiness in this life, and ultimate happiness after the soul separates the body, and on the day of the judgment, Amon
... Show MoreThe location of fire brigade stations and equipment has a significant impact on the efficacy and efficiency of fire brigade department services. The challenge addressed by this study was that the fire brigade department required a consistent and repeatable technique to assess the response capabilities and safeguarding levels offered as the city of Samawah/Iraq grew and changed. Evaluating the locations of the current fire brigade stations in the city of Samawah is the aspect addressed by the research to determine the accuracy and validity of the locations of these stations by the competent authorities and their suitability to the area of the city’s neighborhoods and its residents. The Iraqi Ministry of Housing, Construction, Municipalitie
... Show More<p>Mobility management protocols are very essential in the new research area of Internet of Things (IoT) as the static attributes of nodes are no longer dominant in the current environment. Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol is a network-based mobility management protocol, where the mobility process is relied on the network entities, named, Mobile Access Gateways (MAGs) and Local Mobility Anchor (LMA). PMIPv6 is considered as the most suitable mobility protocol for WSN as it relieves the sensor nodes from participating in the mobility signaling. However, in PMIPv6, a separate signaling is required for each mobile node (MN) registration, which may increase the network signaling overhead and lead to increase the total handoff latency
... Show MoreTHE ACTUAL SOCIETY MODEL
Our society model has been showing signs of exhaustion since the end of the XX century. The recent appearance of the Covid-19 virus is another consequence of humanity's distance from Nature and the environment it inhabits. Also, climate change, environmental deterioration, loss of biodiversity, overexploitation of natural resources, and social inequality are some of the consequences derived from this separation between society and Nature. We must change our operating habits. Inevitably from a society based on the market, hyper consumption, fossil energy and individual enrichment at all costs, we will have to change to another
... Show MoreThe aim of this work is to study the correlation between the electrons for Li atom in ground state through the calculation of the inter-particle distribution function f (r12) and inter-particle expectation values . By using the f(r12) function for KL shell in both singlet and triplet state .The Fermi hole have been evaluated .In this work the Hartree-Fock wave function (1993) have been used.
A new way to Systems concentrates have been clarified and that allows a concentration high and analysis to automatically wavelengths of the spectrum of this system analyst of the spectrum and the center is built on Holucram Nafez gives less absorbency with efficient diffraction high when the wavelength (900 nm), which will be useful for Khallaya solar
The liver (hepatic) is one of the largest glands or organs of the digestive system in the body of living organisms, including rodents, take the squirrel in this study for example. The study and the collection of sources emerged to be put into the hands of those, especially those interested in histological studies, including junior or professionals and veterinarians, knowledge of the stains used in the research and their final results.