In data transmission a change in single bit in the received data may lead to miss understanding or a disaster. Each bit in the sent information has high priority especially with information such as the address of the receiver. The importance of error detection with each single change is a key issue in data transmission field.
The ordinary single parity detection method can detect odd number of errors efficiently, but fails with even number of errors. Other detection methods such as two-dimensional and checksum showed better results and failed to cope with the increasing number of errors.
Two novel methods were suggested to detect the binary bit change errors when transmitting data in a noisy media.Those methods were: 2D-Checksum method and Modified 2D-Checksum. In 2D-checksum method, summing process was done for 7×7 patterns in row direction and then in column direction to result 8×8 patterns. While in modified method, an additional parity diagonal vector was added to the pattern to be 8×9. By combining the benefits of using single parity (detecting odd number of error bits) and the benefits of checksum (reducing the effect of 4-bit errors) and combining them in 2D shape, the detection process was improved. By contaminating any sample of data with up to 33% of noise (change 0 to 1 and vice versa), the detecting process in first method was improved by approximately 50% compared to the ordinary traditional two dimensional-parity method and gives best detection results in second novel method
The current study aimed the syntheses and characterizations of Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using a laser ablation Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with a wave-length of 355 nm at a variety of laser pulse energies (E) and deposited on porous silicon (PS). Optical emission spectrometer was used to diagnosed medium air to study gold plasma characteristics and prepared Au nanoparticles. The laser pulse energy influence has been studied on the plasma characteristics in air. The data showed the emergence of the ionic (Au II) spectral emission lines in the gold plasma emission spectrum. XRD has been utilized to examine structural characteristics. Moreover, AFM results 37.2 nm as the mean value of the diameter that is coordinated in a shape similar to the
... Show MoreIn this study Microwave and conventional methods have been used to extract and estimate pectin and its degree of esterification from dried grapefruit and orange peels. Acidified solution water with nitric acid in pH (1.5) was used. In conventional method, different temperature degrees for extraction pectin from grape fruit and orange(85 ,90 , 95 and 100?C) for 1 h were used The results showed grapefruit peels contained 12.82, 17.05, 18.47, 15.89% respectively, while the corresponding values were 5.96, 6.74, 7.41 and 8.00 %, respectively in orange peels. In microwave method, times were 90, 100, 110 and 120 seconds. Grapefruit peels contain 13.86, 16.57, 18.69, and 17.87%, respectively, while the corresponding values were of 6.53, 6.68, 7.2
... Show MoreThe banking sector has a significant impact on the economic growth of the country, and the importance of this sector must assess its financial performance from time to time, to measure the situation related to money for each bank and how to put the supervision of the efficiency of the full. The research aims at evaluating the financial performance according to the elements of the CAMELS model, which including capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, profitability, liquidity, and market risk sensitivity. The research included the study of Al-Mansour Investment Bank during the period from 2014 to 2018. The base capital ratio was used to total assets to measure capital adequacy The proportion of investments to total a
... Show MoreThis research, involved synthesis of some new 1,2,3-triazoline and 1,2,3,4- tetrazole derivatives from antharanilic acid as starting material .The first step includes formation of 2-Mercapto-3-phenyl-4(3H)Quinazolinone (0) through reacted of anthranilic acid with phenylisothiocyanate in ethanol, then compound (0) reaction with chloro acetyl chloride in dimethyl foramamide (DMF) to prepare intermediate S-(α-chloroaceto-2-yl)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (1); compound (1) reacted with sodium azide to yield S-(α-azidoaceto-2-yl)-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (2), while Schiff bases (3-10) were prepared from condensation of substituted primary aromatic amines with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol as a solvent. Compound (2)
... Show MoreLandsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been imaging the Earth since March 1984 and Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) was added to the series of Landsat instruments in April 1999. In this paper the two sensors are used to monitoring the agriculture condition and detection the changing in the area of plant covers, the stability and calibration of the ETM+ has been monitored extensively since launch although it is not monitored for many years, TM now has a similar system in place to monitor stability and calibration. By referring to statistical values for the classification process, the results indicated that the state of vegetation in 1990 was in the proportion of 42.8%, while this percentage rose to 52.5% for the same study area in
... Show MoreThe differential cross section for the Rhodium and Tantalum has been calculated by using the Cross Section Calculations (CSC) in range of energy(1keV-1MeV) . This calculations based on the programming of the Klein-Nashina and Rayleigh Equations. Atomic form factors as well as the coherent functions in Fortran90 language Machine proved very fast an accurate results and the possibility of application of such model to obtain the total coefficient for any elements or compounds.
The importance of websites appears as a modern tool that helps people connect with each other and exchange information rapidly. An increase number of new websites have been created in public or private spheres, which benefit individuals and society as a whole. This research aims to design a website specialized in marketing sustainable fashion that meets the needs of the Saudi market. It followed a descriptive and analytical approach. A survey has been conducted on a random sample of e-marketing users. The sample number is 101 users. The study resulted in: Determining the effectiveness of e-marketing, studying consumer purchasing tendencies, and designing a website for sustainable fashion based on the survey’s results. The study recomme
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