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Kinetics of the Saponification of Mixed Fats Consisting of Olein and Stearin
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This research presents the kinetics of the saponification reaction using mixed fats of olein and stearin [in the ratio (3:1)] with NaOH solution. In this reaction, excess solution of NaOH was used to ensure the reaction being irreversible. Three parameters were varied to show their effects on the reaction rate .They are: percentage excess of NaOH solution (10 % - 100 %) , temperature (100-150)oC , and stirring speed (400-1100) rpm. It was noticed that increasing the percentage excess of NaOH solution enhances the rate of reaction while increasing temperature decreases the reaction rate since it is exothermic reaction.    Increasing stirring speed also improves the reaction rate because it is mass transfer controlled .Calculations of the activation energy and the frequency factor was also performed.

A new mathematical model for calculation of the reaction – rate constant was derived. It is shown that a good approximation was obtained between the experimental and calculated values of the reaction – rate constant k .

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Attitude of the University of Baghdad Students towards the Mixed and Single-Sex Learning
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The study aims at finding out:
1. The students' attitude towards the mixed learning at the university.
2. The statistically significant differences in attitude towards the mixed learning at the university according to the specialization variable.
3. The statistically significant differences in attitude towards the mixed learning at the university according to the gender variable.
The researcher has constructed a scale for measuring the students' attitude towards the mixed learning at the university.
After assuring its validity and reliability, the scale has been given to a sample of (100) students. The sample is selected randomly from (4) colleges of the university of Baghdad, (2) for scientific specialization and (2)for h

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Kinetics and Mass Transfer Study of Oleic Acid Esterification over Prepared Nanoporous HY zeolite
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A mathematical model was proposed to study the microkinetics of esterification reaction of oleic acid with ethanol over prepared HY zeolite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared from Iraqi kaolin source and its properties were characterized by different techniques. The esterification was done under different temperature (40 to 70˚C) with 6:1 for molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid and 5 % catalyst loading.

   The microkinetics study was done over two period of time each period was examined individually to calculate the reaction rate constant and activation energy. The impact of the mass transfer resistance to the reactant was also investigated; two different studies have been accomplished to do this purpose.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 30 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Kinetics and Mass Transfer Study of Oleic Acid Esterification over Prepared Nanoporous HY zeolite
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A mathematical model was proposed to study the microkinetics of esterification reaction of oleic acid with ethanol over prepared HY zeolite catalyst. The catalyst was prepared from Iraqi kaolin source and its properties were characterized by different techniques. The esterification was done under different temperature (40 to 70˚C) with 6:1 for molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid and 5 % catalyst loading.    The microkinetics study was done over two period of time each period was examined individually to calculate the reaction rate constant and activation energy. The impact of the mass transfer resistance to the reactant was also investigated; two different studies have been accomplished to do this purpose.    The e

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Desalination And Water Treatment
Biosorption of Cd(II) ions by Chlorella microalgae: isotherm, kinetics processes and biodiesel production
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This study aims to remove Cd(II) ions from simulated wastewater by using Chlorophyceae algae (CA). Different parameters were studied to show their effects on the biosorption efficiency of CA. These parameters are: the effect of pH 3-7, initial metal ion concentration 20-200 mg/L, sorbent dos-age 0.05-2 g/L, contact time 5-180 min, and agitation speed 100-300 rpm. We found that both the Langmuir and Freundlich models appropriate for characterizing the metal removal process. The biosorption data fit best with the results of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, demonstrating that the chemisorption process is the dominant mechanism controlling the removal. CA was char-acterized using the scanning electron microscopy test, prior to and post bi

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Kinetics of Sodium Tungstate Catalyzed Oxidation of Maleic Acid by Hydrogen Peroxide
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 24 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Polyamide 6,6 Cable Ties by Thermogravimetric Analysis
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  The thermal degradation of cable ties of polyamide (PA6,6) neat and UV stabilized was investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and its derivative (DTG) at several heating rates between 5 and 80 oC min-1  in helium atmosphere. High heating rates signal novel peaks in the DTG curves that indicate melting temperature of PA6,6. The kinetic parameters calculated via isoconversion and nonisothermal data using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger and CoatsRedfern methods showed comparable activation energy values. Exposure of the ties to outdoor environment causes pre-mature stress cracking and brittle failure due to prevalence of crosslinking reaction occurring in the polymer chains

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 11 2020
Journal Name
Bdj Open
An in vitro assessment of the physical properties of manually- mixed and encapsulated glass-ionomer cements
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Abstract<sec> <title>Objectives

The last decade has seen a variety of modifications of glass-ionomer cements (GICs), such as inclusion of bioactive glass particles and dispensing systems. Hence, the aim was to systematically evaluate effect of mixing modes and presence of reactive glass additives on the physical properties of several GICs.

Materials and methods

The physical properties of eight commercial restorative GICs; Fuji IX GP Extra (C&H), KetacTM Fill Plus Applicap (C&H), Fuji II LC (C&H), Glass Carbomer Ce

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Numerical study of the mixed convection flow over a square cylinder
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In this work, a numerical study is performed to predict the solution of two – dimensional, steady and laminar mixed convection flow over a square cylinder placed symmetrically in a vertical parallel plate. A finite difference method is employed to solve the governing differential equations, continuity, momentum, and energy equation balances. The solution is obtained for stream function, vorticity and temperature as dependent variables by iterative technique known as successive over relaxation. The flow and temperature patterns are obtained for Reynolds number and Grashof number at (Re= -50,50,100,-100) (positive or negative value refers to aidding or opposing buoyancy , +1 assisting flow, -1 opposing flow) and (102 to 105) , respective

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 30 2001
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Predicting the Change in Volume of Mixed Oil Stocks
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
synthesis and study of some mixed ligand complexes of caffeine
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I've been in this research preparation and diagnostic complexes mixed Kandat of Alcavaúan Alpiculan ion Althaaossianat with some metal ions has been reactive in ethanol solvent and distilled water by (1:1) and water complexes and lotions to the accounts of the metal in the complex

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