Experimental work was carried out to investigate the effect of fire flame (high temperature) on specimens of one way slabs using Self Compacted Concrete (SCC). By using furnace manufactured for this purpose, twenty one reinforced concrete slab specimens were exposed to direct fire flame. All of specimens have the same dimensions. The slab specimens were cooled in two types, gradually by left them in the air and suddenly by using water. After that the specimens were tested under two point loads, to study, the effect of
different: temperature levels (300ºC, 500ºC and 700ºC), and cooling rate (gradually and sudden cooling conditions) on the concrete compressive strength, modulus of rupture, flexural strength and the behavior of reinforced concrete slab specimens and comparing the results with specimens without burning (reference specimens). The results showed that, the concrete compressive strength, concrete modulus of rupture and the flexural strength decreases while the maximum (central) deflection increases with increasing the fire flame temperature. For suddenly cooled specimens the residual flexural strength is less than that of gradually cooled specimens while the deflection is greater. For slabs with 20 MPa concrete strength and gradually cooled, the residual bending strength percent is 81.5%, 75% and 62.3% ,while the increase in central deflection is 5%, 33%, and 105% at burning temperature 300ºC, 500ºC and
700ºC respectively. For suddenly cooled specimens of the same strength and exposed to the same temperatures above the residual flexural strength is 77.9%, 68.3% and 58.3% while the increase in central deflection is 25%, 52%, and 118% respectively. When the strength of concrete specimens increase, the residual flexural strength experiences small increase and the increase is of lower rate in the central deflection for 300 ºC and 500 ºC burn temperatures while the decrease is significant for 700 ºC burning temperature.
The study aims to examine the classroom activities of the developed English course (Flying High) for the high school first-grade students, identify creative thinking skills appropriate for this grade, and show the extent the classroom activities involve these skills from the female- teachers ‘point of view. The study adopted the descriptive survey method. The study community consists of all (50) English female-teachers who teach high school first grade in Arar city during the academic year (1440 -1441 A.H, the first semester). The study was applied to all respondents. The researcher used a questionnaire as a study tool. The study revealed that the female-teachers reported their disagreement and refusal of the classroom activities in th
... Show MoreThe importance of specifying proper aggregate grading for achieving satisfactory performance in pavement applications has long been recognized. To improve the specifications for superior performance, there is a need to understand how differences in aggregate gradations within the acceptable limits may affect unbound aggregate base behavior. The effects of gradation on strength, modulus, and deformation characteristics of high-quality crushed rock base materials are described here. Two crushed rock types commonly used in constructing heavy-duty granular base layers in the State of Victoria, Australia, with three different gradations each were used in this study. The gradations used represent the lower, medium, and upper gradation li
... Show MoreThe use of Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips is an efficient technology for increasing flexural and shear strength or for repairing damaged Reinforced Concrete (RC) members. This strengthening method is a promising technology. However, the thin layer of concrete covering the NSM-CFRP strips is not adequate to resist heat effect when directly exposed to a fire or at a high temperature. There is clear evidence that the strength and stiffness of CFRPs severely deteriorate at high temperatures. Therefore, in terms of fire resistance, the NSM technique has a significant defect. Thus, it is very important to develop a set of efficient fire protection systems to overcome these disadvantages. This pape
... Show MoreThis paper deals with load-deflection behavior the jointed plain concrete pavement system using steel dowel bars as a mechanism to transmit load across the expansion joints. Experimentally, four models of the jointed plain concrete pavement system were made, each model consists of two slabs of plain concrete that connected together across expansion by two dowel bars and the concrete slab were supported by the subgrade soil. Two variables were dealt with, the first is diameter of dowel bar (12, 16 and 20 mm) and the second is type of the subgrade soil, two types of soil were used which classified according to the (AASHTO): Type I (A-6) and type II (A-7-6). Experimental results showed that increasing dowel bar diameter from 12 mm to 20 mm
... Show MoreAbstract:
This study is considerated one of many Studies above the standing of
the Islamic Arab nation which was chosen by God from other nations all over
the world . Some of these nations used to come to the Arab nation to take
whatever useful for them from the beginning of history till now . The
researcher deals in this study with a French artist who is well-know as
August Renoir . He traveled to Algeria and lived there . He was
influenced by the Islamic culture.
The study include. from chapter . chapter one deals with the framework of
programming (out line ) . Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework .
It includes five sections. Deals with the Islamic drawings(Arabesque) . section
three deals w
Slow learning becomes a problem in the present , where it comprises ratio musnt ignore in every school . So , its one of education problems facing by parents and teachers .
Slow learning subject regard of new subject attract the attention in the last years of the 20th century where the attention was focusing on the other disabilities but the existence of number of healthy children suffering from Learning problems attract the attention of the researchers .
So , this study aims at recognizing the degree of self , concept among slow learner students and the differences significance of self concept according to sex and academic degree of parents variables.
Because there is not tool , the researcher build a
... Show MoreThere is no doubt that complexities and ambiguities exist in the human minds. The need to unravel and solve those mysteries and the foggy actualities of life’s existence has been one of Paulo Coelho’s (1947-present) biggest concern. In almost all his novels, Coelho shows how people should dig deep into the mysteries of life in order to find a true understanding to their existence. In doing so, a true kind of enlightenment and purification is reached and the quest for self-discovery or self-realization is attained.
The paper tackles one of Paulo Coelho’s novels Aleph (2011) which is considered as an autobiographical reading to signify the connection between himself and God. It was a phase
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