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Organic Solid Waste in Vessel Composting System
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Low-level microbial activity due to the production of organic acids is a recognized problem during the initial phase of food waste composting. Increasing such activity levels by adjusting the pH values during the initial composting phase is the primary objective to be investigated. In this study, sodium acetate (NaoAc) was introduced as an amendment to an in-vessel composting system. NaoAc was added when the pH of the compost mixture reached a low level (pH < 5), the addition increased pH to 5.8. This had a positive effect on the degradation of organic materials i.e. the formation of methane gas compared to the results without NaoAc addition.

The results also proved that anaerobic-aerobic in-vessel composting could reduce the large amounts of wastes by 33% -30%.

However the addition of NaoAc had no significant influence on temperature profile, bulk density, electric conductivity (EC), moisture contents, Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) and heavy metals )Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) during the composting process, in fact heavy metals and (NPK) were below the maximum permissible levels of the Japanese organic farming and the USDA and US Compost Council standards .

To assess the performance of the composting process, two small-scale digesters were used with fixed temperature. Maximum methane content of 68±1% and 75±1% by volume of the generated biogas was achieved in the run without and with NaoAc respectively.

The germination  index  was  which  proved  that  the  stabilized  compost  obtained  in  this research is of the “mature" kind and it is satisfactory for agricultural use according to the organic farming recommended by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and USDA and US Compost Council standards.

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 14 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The political system in North Korea
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النظام السياسي في كوريا الشمالة

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Polar structure in the international system
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Conclusion The observation of the phenomenon of structural evolution of the international system and its instability on a particular situation, by its transition from unipolar to polarity to bipolarism and then to unilateralism in the early 1990s led by the United States, and to the present moment, To say that the structure by which the hierarchy of superpowers or the regime is directed in terms of its various capacities that qualify it, and with the consent of the rest of the States directing the regime to lead and lead the world's first place, has no direct relation to the stability of this system, I hope other more influential in its stability. The structure of the new international order will be completely different in terms of the r

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 03 2021
Journal Name
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions
Experimental investigation of a new sustainable approach for recycling waste styrofoam food containers in lightweight concrete
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Publication Date
Wed Aug 12 2015
Journal Name
J. Genet. Environ. Resour. Conserv
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a biocontrol agent and organic matter against fusarium wilt in tomato
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The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomus etunicatum, G. leptotichum and Rhizophagus intraradices) on the development of fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants in the presence and absence of organic matter (peatmoss). Results indicated an increase in mycorrhizal root dry weight especially in the presence of the organic matter, on the other hand this parameter was significantly decreased when Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersiciwas added simultaneously with the mycorrhiza, Moreover, mycorrhiza and organic matter significantly reduced the damping off seedling disease, disease severity and rate of infection of tomato leaves and roots caused by the pathogenic fungus, These

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Effect of Different Soil Organic Carbon Content in Different Soils on Water Holding Capacity and Soil Health
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Abstract<p>An experiment was carried out to study the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture on the distance of the wetting front, cumulative water infiltration (I), infiltration rate (IR), saturated water conductivity (Ks), and water holding capacity (WHC). Three levels ( 0, 10, 20, and 30 g OC kg-1 ) from organic carbon (OC) were mixed with different soil materials sandy, loam, and clay texture soils. Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) were estimated. Soil materials were placed in transparent plastic columns(12 cm soil column ), and water infiltration(I) was measured as a function of time, the distance of the wetting front and Ks. Results showed that advance we</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Assessment of organic carbon content in different topographic from northern Iraq using remote sensing technique and GIS
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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2025
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
A Comparative Study of Organic and Mineral Acids in the Release of Potassium from Potassium Feldspar Minerals
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Abstract<p>A study conducted a laboratory experiment to measure the release of potassium and the dissolution of feldspar minerals in soils from different locations in Karbala Province (Ain Al-tamur, Qasr Al-Akhyar, Fadak Farm). The study involved the addition of organic acids (fulvic and humic) and mineral acids (sulfuric and phosphoric) at concentrations of 5% and 10% to sand-separated soil samples obtained through wet sieving. Feldspar minerals were identified using a polarized light microscope, and the percentage of each type of feldspar mineral was calculated. The results demonstrated that organic acids outperformed mineral acids in releasing potassium at both concentrations. Among the organ</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of optimal conditions for laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus using sawdust as solid medium and its use in phenol degradation
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The ability of four local fungal isolates for extracellular laccase production has been tested with five grams 1:1(w/v) humidified sawdust as substrate in mineral salt medium. After 21 day of incubation at 25±1 ? C and using one mycelial plug (5mm), higher level of laccase activity (0.15U/ml) and specific activity (15U/mg) were observed by Pleurotus ostreatus in comparison with other fungal isolates. The results of optimum conditions for laccase production from selected isolate showed that, the maximum laccase activity (0.55U/ml) and specific activity (55U/mg) were obtained at moisture ratio 1:3 (w/v), using 3 mycelial plugs (5 mm), after 15 days incubation period at 25±1 ? C. The results of phenol degradation by crud laccase revealed th

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 27 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Waste as a resource of economic resources: A case study using environmentalthe index MIP
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Due to increased consumption of resources, especially energy it was necessary to find alternatives characterized by the same quality as well as being of less expensive, and most important of these alternatives are characterized by waste and the fact that humancannot stop consumption. So we  have consideredwaste as an  alternative and cheap economic resources and by using environmental index the MIP (input materials per unit ,unit / service) is based on the grounds that the product is not the end of itselfit is a product to meet the need  of a product or service, awarded a resource input and output within the five basic elements are the raw materials is ecological, Raw materials ecological, water, air and soil erosion for a

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Treating Drill Cuttings Waste with Oil Contamination by Microwave Treatment then by Earthworms Technique
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In this research paper, two techniques were used to treat the drill cuttings resulting from the oil-based drilling fluid. The drill cuttings were taken from the southern Rumaila fields which prepared for testing and fixed with 100 gm per sample and contaminated with two types of crude oil, one from Rumaila oilfields with Sp.gr of 0.882 and the other from the eastern Baghdad oilfield with Sp.gr of 0.924 besides contamination levels of 10% ​​and 15% w/w in mass. Samples were treated first with microwave with a power applied of 540 & 180 watts as well as a time of 50 minutes. It was found that the results reached below 1% w/w in mass, except for two samples they reached below 1.5% w/w in mass. Then, the sample of 1.41% w/w in mass,

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