Finding the shortest route in wireless mesh networks is an important aspect. Many techniques are used to solve this problem like dynamic programming, evolutionary algorithms, weighted-sum techniques, and others. In this paper, we use dynamic programming techniques to find the shortest path in wireless mesh networks due to their generality, reduction of complexity and facilitation of numerical computation, simplicity in incorporating constraints, and their onformity to the stochastic nature of some problems. The routing problem is a multi-objective optimization problem with some constraints such as path capacity and end-to-end delay. Single-constraint routing problems and solutions using Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, and Floyd-Warshall algorithms are proposed in this work with a discussion on the difference between them. These algorithms find the shortest route through finding the optimal rate between two nodes in the wireless networks but with bounded end-to-end delay. The Dijkstra-based algorithm is especially favorable in terms of processing time. We also present a comparison between our proposed single-constraint Dijkstra-based routing algorithm and the mesh routing algorithm (MRA) existing in the literature to clarify the merits of the former.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of cytokines IL-1?, IL-10 and IL-17A in the serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and down syndrome (DS). The results showed that Serum level of IL-1? was significantly increased in AD patients (3.79 ± 0.26 pg/ml) as compared with DS patients (2.78 ± 0.39 pg/ml) or controls (2.78 ± 0.22 pg/ml), while no significant difference was observed between AD and VD (3.25 ± 0.20 pg/ml) patients or between VD patients, DS patients and controls. The serum level of IL-10 was approximated in VD and DS patients and controls (3.39 ± 0.24, 2.77 ± 0.39 and 3.41 ± 0.35 pg/ml, respectively), but was significantly (P ? 0.05) increased in AD patients (5.73 ± 0.55 pg/ml
... Show MoreWireless networks and communications have witnessed tremendous development and growth in recent periods and up until now, as there is a group of diverse networks such as the well-known wireless communication networks and others that are not linked to an infrastructure such as telephone networks, sensors and wireless networks, especially in important applications that work to send and receive important data and information in relatively unsafe environments, cybersecurity technologies pose an important challenge in protecting unsafe networks in terms of their impact on reducing crime. Detecting hacking in electronic networks and penetration testing. Therefore, these environments must be monitored and protected from hacking and malicio
... Show MoreThe software-defined network (SDN) is a new technology that separates the control plane from data plane for the network devices. One of the most significant issues in the video surveillance system is the link failure. When the path failure occurs, the monitoring center cannot receive the video from the cameras. In this paper, two methods are proposed to solve this problem. The first method uses the Dijkstra algorithm to re-find the path at the source node switch. The second method uses the Dijkstra algorithm to re-find the path at the ingress node switch (or failed link).
... Show MoreThe paper presents the design of a system consisting of a solar panel with Single Input/Multiple Outputs (DC-DC) Buck Converter by using Simulink dialogue box tools in MATLAB software package for simulation the system. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique depending on Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is used to control the output power of the converter and increase the efficiency of the system. The characteristics of the MSX-60 PV module is chosen in design of the system, whereas the electrical characteristics (P-V, I-V and P-I curves) for the module are achieved, that is affected by the solar radiation and temperature variations. The proposed design module has been found to be stable for any change in atmospheric tempera
... Show MoreBackground: Acute appendicitis is regarded as one of the most common inflammation that needs surgical intervention. Different scoring systems have been used for diagnosing of acute appendicitis. ALVARADO score is one of the most widely used score in diagnosing of acute appendicitis, but the accuracy of the latter is insufficiently low in Middle-East patients. Thus a new scoring system called RIPASA score has been designed for diagnosing of acute appendicitis in those patients. The aim of this study is to use RIPASA score and compare its result with ALVARADO score in diagnosing of acute appendicitis.
Subjects and Methods: The study includes 200 patients with symptoms and signs of
... Show MoreIn this study, the response and behavior of machine foundations resting on dry and saturated sand was investigated experimentally. In order to investigate the response of soil and footing to steady state dynamic loading, a physical model was manufactured to simulate steady state harmonic load at different operating frequencies. Total of 84 physical models were performed. The footing parameters are related to the size of the rectangular footing and depth of embedment. Two sizes of rectangular steel model footing were tested at the surface and at 50 mm depth below model surface. Meanwhile the investigated parameters of the soil condition include dry and saturated sand for two relative densities 30% and 80%. The response of the footing was ela
... Show More
In this paper, an algorithm is suggested to train a single layer feedforward neural network to function as a heteroassociative memory. This algorithm enhances the ability of the memory to recall the stored patterns when partially described noisy inputs patterns are presented. The algorithm relies on adapting the standard delta rule by introducing new terms, first order term and second order term to it. Results show that the heteroassociative neural network trained with this algorithm perfectly recalls the desired stored pattern when 1.6% and 3.2% special partially described noisy inputs patterns are presented.
Recently, the increasing demand to transfer data through the Internet has pushed the Internet infrastructure to the nal edge of the ability of these networks. This high demand causes a deciency of rapid response to emergencies and disasters to control or reduce the devastating effects of these disasters. As one of the main cornerstones to address the data trafc forwarding issue, the Internet networks need to impose the highest priority on the special networks: Security, Health, and Emergency (SHE) data trafc. These networks work in closed and private domains to serve a group of users for specic tasks. Our novel proposed network ow priority management based on ML and SDN fullls high control to give the required ow priority to SHE dat
... Show MoreTake the teacher's key position in the educational system as a foundation stone and primarily responsible for achieving the goals of Education , and efficient teacher conscious is the teacher who prepared educationally and specialized training well add to the enjoyment of a range of features that enable them to adjust and compatibility with educational developments
Hence the problem of the study questioning the Kindergarten Does teacher professional awareness that enable it to perform its work learned from experienceThe research sought to measure
1-Professional awareness among teacher Kindergarten
2-Professional awareness of Kindergarten parameters depending on the type of kindergarten.
Limited search parameters Riyadh govern