This article proposes a new strategy based on a hybrid method that combines the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) with the bat algorithm (BAT) to solve a single-objective optimization problem. It first runs GSA, followed by BAT as the second step. The proposed approach relies on a parameter between 0 and 1 to address the problem of falling into local research because the lack of a local search mechanism increases intensity search, whereas diversity remains high and easily falls into the local optimum. The improvement is equivalent to the speed of the original BAT. Access speed is increased for the best solution. All solutions in the population are updated before the end of the operation of the proposed algorithm. The diversification f

In this paper, we propose new types of non-convex functions called strongly --vex functions and semi strongly --vex functions. We study some properties of these proposed functions. As an application of these functions in optimization problems, we discuss some optimality properties of the generalized nonlinear optimization problem for which we use, as an objective function, strongly --vex function and semi strongly --vex function.

            The unpredictable and huge data generation nowadays by smart computing devices like (Sensors, Actuators, Wi-Fi routers), to handle and maintain their computational processing power in real time environment by centralized cloud platform is difficult because of its limitations, issues and challenges, to overcome these, Cisco introduced the Fog computing paradigm as an alternative for cloud-based computing. This recent IT trend is taking the computing experience to the next level. It is an extended and advantageous extension of the centralized cloud computing technology. In this article, we tried to highlight the various issues that currently cloud computing is facing. Here

Most Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications are delay-sensitive and require resources for data storage and tasks processing, which is very difficult to afford by vehicles. Such tasks are often offloaded to more powerful entities, like cloud and fog servers. Fog computing is decentralized infrastructure located between data source and cloud, supplies several benefits that make it a non-frivolous extension of the cloud. The high volume data which is generated by vehicles’ sensors and also the limited computation capabilities of vehicles have imposed several challenges on VANETs systems. Therefore, VANETs is integrated with fog computing to form a paradigm namely Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) which provide low-latency services to mo

The demand on energy sources throughout the world have led to an increase in the production processes of crude oil which is considered to be the main source of energy, without considering the impact on the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of drilling processes and crude oil spillage on soil in the Rumaila oil field, Basra, Southern Iraq. An investigation was undertaken to determine the content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in the soil. Ten soil samples were collected near oil wells and analyzed. The results showed a high concentration of PAHsin the soil, particularly (Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene) due to crude oil spillage. The he