This paper discusses using H2 and H∞ robust control approaches for designing control systems. These approaches are applied to elementary control system designs, and their respective implementation and pros and cons are introduced. The H∞ control synthesis mainly enforces closed-loop stability, covering some physical constraints and limitations. While noise rejection and disturbance attenuation are more naturally expressed in performance optimization, which can represent the H2 control synthesis problem. The paper also applies these two methodologies to multi-plant systems to study the stability and performance of the designed controllers. Simulation results show that the H2 controller tracks a desirable closed-loop performance, while the H∞ controller guarantees robust stability for the closed-loop system. The validation of the techniques is demonstrated through the robust and performance gamma index, where the H∞ controller achieved a robust gamma index of 0.8591, indicating good robustness and the H2 controller achieved a performance gamma index of 2.1972, indicating a desirable performance. The robust control toolbox of MATLAB is used for simulation purposes. Overall, the paper shows that selecting a suitable, robust control strategy is crucial for designing effective control systems, and the H2 and H∞ robust control approaches are viable options for achieving this goal.
The major cause of destruction during vertical vibration is the failure of the soil structure. The soil may fail due to loss of strength during continues vibration. The saturated sandy soil losses strength due to an increase in pore pressure, this phenomenon is called "liquefaction". Piled foundations are usually adopted as a foundation solution in potentially liquefiable soil under dynamic loading. In this research, 3D finite element model using PLAXIS Software was employed for pile foundation in saturated sandy soil. The results show the acceleration mobilization and velocity on the footing increases with increasing the intensity of dynamic loads and it becomes zero at maximum value of vertical settlement which indicates the end of the ti
... Show MoreIn this research, some robust non-parametric methods were used to estimate the semi-parametric regression model, and then these methods were compared using the MSE comparison criterion, different sample sizes, levels of variance, pollution rates, and three different models were used. These methods are S-LLS S-Estimation -local smoothing, (M-LLS)M- Estimation -local smoothing, (S-NW) S-Estimation-NadaryaWatson Smoothing, and (M-NW) M-Estimation-Nadarya-Watson Smoothing.
The results in the first model proved that the (S-LLS) method was the best in the case of large sample sizes, and small sample sizes showed that the
... Show MoreSurvival analysis is one of the types of data analysis that describes the time period until the occurrence of an event of interest such as death or other events of importance in determining what will happen to the phenomenon studied. There may be more than one endpoint for the event, in which case it is called Competing risks. The purpose of this research is to apply the dynamic approach in the analysis of discrete survival time in order to estimate the effect of covariates over time, as well as modeling the nonlinear relationship between the covariates and the discrete hazard function through the use of the multinomial logistic model and the multivariate Cox model. For the purpose of conducting the estimation process for both the discrete
... Show MoreThis paper experimentally investigates the heating process of a hot water supply using a neural network implementation of a self-tuning PID controller on a microcontroller system. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm employed in system tuning proved very effective, as it is simple and fast optimization algorithm. The PSO method for the PID parameters is executed on the Matlab platform in order to put these parameters in the real-time digital PID controller, which was experimented with in a pilot study on a microcontroller platform. Instead of the traditional phase angle power control (PAPC) method, the Cycle by Cycle Power Control (CBCPC) method is implemented because it yields better power factor and eliminates harmonics
... Show MoreIn this paper, a single link flexible joint robot is used to evaluate a tracking trajectory control and vibration reduction by a super-twisting integral sliding mode (ST-ISMC). Normally, the system with joint flexibility has inevitably some uncertainties and external disturbances. In conventional sliding mode control, the robustness property is not guaranteed during the reaching phase. This disadvantage is addressed by applying ISMC that eliminates a reaching phase to ensure the robustness from the beginning of a process. To design this controller, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is first designed as the nominal control to decide a desired performance for both tracking and vibration responses. Subsequently, discontinuous con
... Show MoreThe research aims to achieve a set of the most important objectives of the review of the role of creative administrative leadership in achieving aspects of economic reform in various government institutions and indicate the role of supervisory awareness of administrative leadership in the revitalization of the role of the internal control system to achieve the best use of available resources. This paper deals with three problems is the loss of financial resources of the state as a result of the growing phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption in the majority of government institutions, and the weakness of the role of the internal control system in the province on the resources available and to achieve the best use of these reso
... Show MoreBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major killer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects almost one-quarter of the global population. The aim of the study is to Investigate the correlation between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the relationship between liver function enzymes and specific serum biomarkers in CRC patients with NAFLD. Methods: A case-control study involving 60 participants was conducted from February to August 2022. The patients with colon cancer were examined at Baghdad Medical City's Al-Amal Hospital for Radiation and Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Teaching Hospital, and blood samples were taken. Thirty patients with NAFLD who ha
... Show MoreInternal control system is a safety valve that preserves economic units assets and ensure the accuracy of financial data, as well as to obligation in the laws, regulations, administrative policies ,and improve the efficiency, effectiveness and economic of operation, so it has become imperative for these units attention to internal and developed control system The research problem in exposure the economic units when the exercise of their business to many of the risks to growth or hinder the achievement of its objectives and the risks (financial, operational, strategy, risk) and not it rely on risk Assessment according to modern scientific methods, as in Brown's risk Classification, Which led to the weakness of the internal control identif
... Show MoreBackground: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is greatly prevalent condition of inflammatory behavior. Salivary biomarker total antioxidants capacity (T-AOC) status, may be related to both periodontal condition and oral hygiene. Aims of the study: To assess the level of salivary T-AOC of patients with chronic periodontitis in comparison to healthy control and to correlate between the level of this marker with the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)). Materials and Methods: Ninety subjects of males and females with an age ranged between (35-55) years were participated in this study. Participants were divided into two grou
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