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Comparative Study of Water Desalination using Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Electro-dialysis Systems (ED): Review
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The increasing drinking water demand in many countries leads to an increase in the use of desalination plants, which are considered a great solution for water treatment processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electro-dialysis (ED) systems are the most popular membrane processes used to desalinate water at high salinity. Both systems work by separating the ionic contaminates and disposing of them as a brine solution, but ED uses electrical current as a driving force while RO uses osmotic pressure. A direct comparison of reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems is needed to highlight process development similarities and variances. This work aims to provide an overview of previous studies on reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems related to membrane module and design processes; energy consumption; cost analysis; operational problems; efficiency of saline removal; and environmental impacts of brine disposal. RO system uses osmotic pressure as a driving force to force water through the membrane with less energy than other desalination systems. The enhancements in membrane materials and power recovery of the unit have massively decreased the price of RO units. ED system uses an electrical current to push dissolved ions across ion exchange membranes. The results of this review showed that desalination plants must be integrated with renewable energy to reduce power consumption and costs related to energy. Various technologies, including treatment processes and disposal methods, must be used to control concentrated solutions resulting from desalination processes because 5 to 33% of the total cost of the desalination process is associated with brine disposal.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect of Plasma Shot Peening on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue life of AL-Alloys 2024-T3
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An Investigation of estimated Mechanical Properties of AL-Alloys 2024-T3, which is the most commonly used in industrial applications, been established experimentally. A new novel Plasma Peening techniques had applied for the whole surfaces of the material by CNC-Plasma machine for 48 specimen, and then a new investigation were toke over to figure the amount of change in mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life. It found that improvement was showing a nonlinear behavior according to peening duration time, speed, peening distance, peening number, and amount of effected power on the depth of the material thickness. The major improvement was at medium speed long duration time normal peening distance. Which shows up t

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 13 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Mulching, Manures and chemical fertilizers on anatomical characters of (Solanum tuberosum L.) potato plants
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Anatomy studies were carried out in the experimental field, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to have better understanding of the influence of mulching with black polyethylene sheets, organic manure and chemical fertilizer on the anatomy changes in potato shoot and leaves tissues. Results showed that leaves area, leaves area index and chlorophyll percentage were significantly increased by using mulching and chemical fertilizer by (7463.70 cm2, 3.97, 45.33 SPAD units) respectively. Also this treatment significantly increased total stomata number and in both lower and upper sides of the leaf by (957,721,176) stomata /mm2 respectively. But by using mulching treatment with organic manure significantly increased vessels and sieve t

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
The Role of Information Technologies in the Management and Sustainability of Land Use in Future Cities
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The most important contemporary issues which related to the survey of the influence of communication development technology to land use sustainability. The research aims to explain the changes that happened in the quality & land use activities performance by understanding the transformations due to modern technology and its impact on current uses and its impact on changing functional relationships between those uses to create new combinations or hybrid uses.Research will follow the analytical descriptive approach in presenting the problem of research. Research has several conclusions & recommendations, one of conclusions is the change of the place concept and its relation to changing the concept of land use and its sustai

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 05 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Properties of Tourism Services and Entertainment in the City of Baghdad ( Baghdad Island Park ,Tourism)
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Baghdad Lake Touristic is suffering from a lake of tourism and entertainment services
efficiency provided to their visitors , knowing that this type of services as they are the basics
to achieve economic and socialist development because of their indicators where their goal is
to serve human in city as they represent lungs which population breathe within .
The Parks are resorted as human usually in search of quiet and funny places , away from
the noise of the city and its complex , as well as they give the city a beauty manifestations ,
that give happiness.
The study reached that there is deficiencies in service present, inability to provide
services and inadequate for the population and bad distribution. So the s

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Models of measurement and disclosure of fair value accounting - Applied to contribute to company garments mixed
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The research aims to provide a method to measure the fair value of the most environmentally friendly of Iraq and through the application of method of measuring the fair value of the company garments contribute to mixed as the company is of the economic units of the industrial sector and included in the Iraqi market for securities as a profit and distributes profits to shareholders since the method of measurement of the fair value based on the divided profits as toxic in a deduction of Cash Dividends cash for measuring fair value, and will also be in this research to clarify the disclosure of accounting for fair value and choose the method of disclosure most appropriate to the beneficiaries of accounting disclosure, as will be cho

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 07 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Vocational stresses and their relation with the level of ambition among the lecturers of the university
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Vocational stresses and their relation with the level of ambition among the lecturers of the university In general , vocational stresses affect the attention and the process of focusing making individual busy with solving of his daily problems instead of his job. The vocational stresses , anxiety and tension are factors effecting the physical and psychological ability of the individual. This study aims to measure the vocational stresses among the lecturers of the university , to measure the level of ambition among them, to identify the statistical differences significant among them according to sex variable, to identify the differences significant in level of ambition among them according to sex variable and to identify the correlation r

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Diagnostic and Predictive Values of IL-6 in a Group of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
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الخلفية: التهاب المفاصل الرَثَيَانِي أو الداء الرثياني أو الالتهاب المفصلي الروماتويدي هو مرض مزمن، من الأمراض الانضدادية التي تؤدي بالجهاز المناعي لمهاجمة المفاصل، مسببة التهابات وتدميرًا لها. ومن الممكن أيضًا أن يدمر جهاز المناعة أعضاء أخرى في الجسم مثل الرئتين والجلد. وفي بعض الحالات، يسبب المرض الإعاقة، مؤدية إلى فقدان القدرة على الحركة والإنتاجية. ويتم تشخيص المرض بواسطة تحاليل دم مخبرية مثل تحلي

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Response of some vegetative growth characteristics of organically fertilized potatoes to zinc and manganese foliar application
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Scopus (3)
Scopus
Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Taibah University Medical Sciences
Histological evaluation of the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 9 and angiopoietin 1 on bone healing
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 03 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Short Wave Diathermy and Therapeutic Ultrasound on The Management of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
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Objective : The present study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of short wave diathermy and
ultrasound therapy for the management of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Methodology : all patients who referred to the Medical Rehabilitation Unit in Baghdad Teaching
Hospital and Sadr A!-Qanat Center. The period of the study was from October 2004 to April 2005, total
number of patients was 24 (9 male and 15 female). Age range of patients was 42-70 years. Complete
clinical and radiological examinations were achieved on all patients and referred to the Medical
Rehabilitation Unit for physiotherapy. Short wave diathermy and ultrasound therapy were applied on
all patients.
Results : Demographic distribution revealed th

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