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Comparative Study of Water Desalination using Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Electro-dialysis Systems (ED): Review
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The increasing drinking water demand in many countries leads to an increase in the use of desalination plants, which are considered a great solution for water treatment processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electro-dialysis (ED) systems are the most popular membrane processes used to desalinate water at high salinity. Both systems work by separating the ionic contaminates and disposing of them as a brine solution, but ED uses electrical current as a driving force while RO uses osmotic pressure. A direct comparison of reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems is needed to highlight process development similarities and variances. This work aims to provide an overview of previous studies on reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems related to membrane module and design processes; energy consumption; cost analysis; operational problems; efficiency of saline removal; and environmental impacts of brine disposal. RO system uses osmotic pressure as a driving force to force water through the membrane with less energy than other desalination systems. The enhancements in membrane materials and power recovery of the unit have massively decreased the price of RO units. ED system uses an electrical current to push dissolved ions across ion exchange membranes. The results of this review showed that desalination plants must be integrated with renewable energy to reduce power consumption and costs related to energy. Various technologies, including treatment processes and disposal methods, must be used to control concentrated solutions resulting from desalination processes because 5 to 33% of the total cost of the desalination process is associated with brine disposal.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
The concept of peaceful coexistence and its obstacles in Iraq
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This research deals with the study of the obstacles to peaceful coexistence in Iraq. Therefore, our hypothesis is that these obstacles are not attributed to one reason or to one source. Therefore, peaceful coexistence among the components of Iraqi society remains fragile and vulnerable to collapse and threat at any moment. This society, which is already in need of social relations, needs more than ever to coexist and consolidate it. Through the exercise of democracy in Iraq in a manner that guarantees rights and duties for all, to restore mutual trust between the components of this community in a way that feels they are citizens of the state.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 30 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Excessive Indulgence Of Parents and Social Consensus for Children Kindergarten
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Parental socialization trends impacting seriously on the growth of individual
personality and psychological health trends ,love, acceptance and on confidence help
children to grow as a person who loves other accept others and trust and negative parental
attitudes such as excess portents us or negligence . and the focusing and demonstrate a
negative impact on the growth of excess an mental health and family play a significant role in
a childes life we can see how many manifestation of compatibility or incompatibility thatappear on individual behaviors and achieve their success or failure in life be returned to the
of human relations that prevailed between the family members of children in various stages of
his life fi

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 31 2024
Journal Name
International Review On Modelling And Simulations (iremos)
Prosthetic Hand: a Brief Survey of Design and Actuation Technologies
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Publication Date
Tue May 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Doping And Annealing Effect On Evaporation Of ZnO Thin Films
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Partial purification and characterization of xylanase from Bacillus cereus X3
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Three strain of Bacillus cereus were obtained from soil sours Laboratories of Biology Department/ College of Science/ University of Baghdad. The bacteria secreted extracellular xylanase in liquid cultur the test ability of xylanase production from these isolates was studied semi quantitative and quantitative screening appeared that Bacillus cereus X3 was the highest xylanase producer. The enzyme was partial purification 191 fold from cultur by reached step by 4 U/mg proteins by ammonium sulfat precipitation 80%, Ion exchang DEAE-cellulos chromatography Characterization study of the partial purifation enzyme revealed that the enzyme had a optimum activity pH8 and activity was stable in the pH rang (8-10) for 30min. maximal activity was attai

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 02 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Preparation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion-Based Bilastine Effervescent Granules
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Background: Bilastine (BLA) is a second-generation H1 antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Because of its limited solubility, it falls under class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BSC). The solid dispersion (SD) approach significantly improves the solubility and dissolution rate of insoluble medicines. Objective: To improve BLA solubility and dissolution rate by formulating a solid dispersion in the form of effervescent granules. Methods: To create BLA SDs, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) and poloxamer 188 (PLX188) were mixed in various ratios (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15) using the kneading technique. All formulations were evaluated based on percent yield, drug content, and saturation solubility. The fo

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 06 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Educational and Psychological Problems of Distinguished Students: علم النفس
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The present research aims at identifying the educational problems and psychological problems of distinguished students at the intermediate level. The research sample consists of (246) students who are randomly selected from four distinguished schools (2) in the Karkh\1 and (2) in the Rusafa\2.

The researcher has constructed two scales for measuring the educational and psychological problems. She ensures the psychometric characteristics of the two scales. Alph-Cronbach and test-retest methodsare used to ensure reliability. Some statistical treatments are used to find out the aims of research. These treatments include the one-sample T-test, two independent samples T-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results show th

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Haematological and Genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi
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The present study investigated Haematological changes in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, as well as determination genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride on bunni fish by using 120 fingerlings, fish were distributed randomly into four treatments in addition to control group. Fish in first group treated (T1) with cadmium 0.093mg/L with changing water and added cadmium continuously, fish in the second group treated (T2) with cadmium 0.093mg/L with changing water without adding cadmium, third treatment (T3) with cadmium 0.046mg/L with changing water and adding cadmium continuously, and fourth treatment (T4) with cadmium 0.046mg/L with changing water without adding cadmium. Results of blood picture in T1 and T3 showed a significant reduction in red bl

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Association of Aquatic worms and infected snails with Digenean larvae
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Six species of aquatic snails were sorted from three sites, the irrigation canal of Baghdad University campus (S1), River Tigris at Al-Za'afaraniah district / Baghdad(S2) , and River Euphrates at Al-Haideriah district Al-Najaf province(S2). The species included Melanopsis nodosa ;Melanoides tuberculata ; Thaiodaxsas jordani ; Lymnaea auricularia ; Physa acuta and Bellamya bengalensis. The first specis recorded the highest total number and was found in high density in the R. Euphrates site (S3), while the last species was the most widely distributed species, and found in all study sites. The last three species were found in Tigris river (S2) , while the first and last species were collected from the irrigation canal (S1).The result reveal

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 21 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
GENERATION AND TOOTH CONTACT ANALYSIS (TCA) OF HYPOID GEAR DRIVE
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The present work covers the Face-Hobbing method for generation and simulation of meshing of Face hobbed hypoid gear drive. In this work the generation process of hobbed hypoid gear has been achieved by determination of the generation function of blade cutter. The teeth surfaces have been drawn depending on the simulation of the cutting process and the head cutter motion. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) of such gear drive is presented to evaluate analytically the transmission error function for concave and convex tooth side due to misalignment errors. TCA results show that the gear is very sensitive to misalignment errors and
the increasing of the gear teeth number decrease the transmission error for both concave and convex tooth sides a

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