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Comparative Study of Water Desalination using Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Electro-dialysis Systems (ED): Review
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The increasing drinking water demand in many countries leads to an increase in the use of desalination plants, which are considered a great solution for water treatment processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electro-dialysis (ED) systems are the most popular membrane processes used to desalinate water at high salinity. Both systems work by separating the ionic contaminates and disposing of them as a brine solution, but ED uses electrical current as a driving force while RO uses osmotic pressure. A direct comparison of reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems is needed to highlight process development similarities and variances. This work aims to provide an overview of previous studies on reverse osmosis and electro-dialysis systems related to membrane module and design processes; energy consumption; cost analysis; operational problems; efficiency of saline removal; and environmental impacts of brine disposal. RO system uses osmotic pressure as a driving force to force water through the membrane with less energy than other desalination systems. The enhancements in membrane materials and power recovery of the unit have massively decreased the price of RO units. ED system uses an electrical current to push dissolved ions across ion exchange membranes. The results of this review showed that desalination plants must be integrated with renewable energy to reduce power consumption and costs related to energy. Various technologies, including treatment processes and disposal methods, must be used to control concentrated solutions resulting from desalination processes because 5 to 33% of the total cost of the desalination process is associated with brine disposal.

 

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 14 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Correlation between Visfatin and Creatine Kinase Levels with Periodontal Health Status of Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis and Chronic Periodontitis
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Background: Visfatin is a novel adipokine that mainly secreted by visceral adipose tissue, had an important role in inflammation and immune system. Creatine Kinase (CK) which is an enzyme that is involved in energy metabolism, found in large amounts in myocardium, brain and skeletal tissues. This study is carried out To evaluate the periodontal health status of the study groups (chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis with coronary atherosclerosis) and control groups, to measure the salivary levels of visfatin and Creatine Kinase in these groups and compare between them, and to determine the correlations between salivary visfatin and Creatine Kinase levels with the periodontal parameters in the three groups. Materials and Methods: e

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Body Image and Its Relationship With Self–Confidence In Female College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Students
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سها علي حسين, هويدة إسماعيل إبراهيم, Journal of Physical Education, 2017 - Cited by 1

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 31 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Clinical and radiographical evaluation of pulpotomy in primary molars treated with Pulpotec (PD), Formocresol and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)
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Background: Pulpotomy is an accepted treatment for the management of cariously exposed pulps in symptom free primary molars to achieve one of the most important goals for Pedodontists, which is the retention of the pulpally involved deciduous teeth healthy until the time of normal exfoliation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative success of pulpotec, formocresol and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in cariously exposed primary molar teeth, using clinical and radiographical examinations. Materials and methods: Thirty nine children with 45 primary molars requiring pulpotomy were selected in this study, 15 teeth treated by each type of pulpotomy medicament. Clinical and radiographical follow up for the patients was performed

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Biotechnology
The Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activity of Aqueous Green Tea Extract in Normal and Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Albino Rats
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This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous green tea (GT) extract in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into four groups of 10 rats each: The first group was served as control; the second group was treated with GT (250 mg/kg b.w); the third group was affected by inducing experimental diabetes by intraperitonial injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w); and the fourth group was affected by inducing diabetes and treated with GT (250 mg/kg b.w). Level of blood glucose and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ve

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 29 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
Design and Development of Powerful Neuroevolution Based Optimized GNNBiLSTM Model for Consumer Behaviour and Effective Recommendation in Social Networks
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Jour. For Pure & Appl. Sci.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Mixed- Ligand Complexes Containing Schiff Base and 3-Picoline with Some Metal Salts
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Some metal ions (Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2,Zn+2 and Cd+2) complexes of quodridentats Schiff base derived from (2-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 4,4'-methylenedianiline as primary ligand and 3-picoline (3-pic) secondary ligand have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of their 1H ,13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, elemental analysis, and magnetic moments, metal to ligands ratio in all complexes has been found to be (1:1:2) (M:Schiff base:3-pic), Schiff base behaves as neutral tetra dentate ligand with (N2,O2) system from the results obtained, the following general formula has suggested for the prepared complexes [M+2(2-mbd)(3-pic)2] and octahedral stereochemistry, Where M+2 = (Mn , Co , Ni , Cu , Zn and Cd), 2

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Investigation of Beta and Gamma Rays Total Interaction Cross Section and Effective Atomic Number for CR-39Nuclear Track Detector
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CR-39 is a solid state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) that has been used in many research areas. In spite of the assumption that the CR-39 detectors are insensitive to beta and gamma rays, irradiation with these rays can have significant effects on the detector properties. In this study, beta and gamma rays mass attenuation coefficients μ/ρ (cm2 g-1) for the CR-39 detector have been measured using NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer along with a standard geometrical arrangement in the energy region of (0.546-2.274) MeV beta rays and standard gamma sources having energy 0.356, 0.5697, 0.6617 and 1.063 MeV. The total atomic cross-section (σtot), total electronic cross-section (σT E) and the effective atomic number (Zeff) of gamma rays a

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Relationship between ABO Blood Group Distribution and the incidence of Upper Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer in Iraqi Patients
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The relationship between blood group antigens and peptic ulcer disease has been widely evaluated in the past, but only one study relating H pylori seroprevalence to ABO blood groups among Iraqi patients with peptic ulcer disease is available. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of peptic ulcer disease among different ABO blood groups in Iraqi patients, and we thought it was worthwhile to try to determine whether these components take some part in disease etiology. One hundred and six patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (43 male and 63 female; mean  age: 48 ± 18 years) who attended Baghdad teaching hospital and Al- Yarmouk teaching hospital endoscopy centers were enrolled , and 238 control Subjects.  Fing

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 04 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Biochemical and Kinetic Studies on Alkaline Phosphatase and other Biochemical Features in Sera of Patients with type 2 Diabetes
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Background :Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was a widely used marker for skeletal and hepatobiliary disorders, but its activity was also increased in atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease. Several study has showed that ALP activity was increased in the sera of diabetic patients. The current study was conducted to evaluate ALP activity in type 2 diabetic patients and optimum conditions for enzyme activity in their sera.Methods: This study was carried out at in AL-Yarmok hospital(diabetic center) between February /2009 and April /2009. Fifty two patients with type 2 diabetes have been enrolled. Besides BMI, WHR, serum fasting blood glucose, ALP, HbA1C,uric acid and lipid profile levels have been performed .The relationship bet

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 23 2014
Journal Name
مجلة إبن الھيثم للعلوم الصرفة و التطبيقية
Synthesis of Tetra Dentate N2O2 and their Complexes With Cu[II), Zn[II), Cd[II) and Hg[II) Ions
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