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Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of EN25 Steel Treated by Different Quenching Media
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The present investigation aims to study the effect of heat treatment by quenching in different quenching media (salt water, water and oil) following by tempering on wear resistance of EN25 steel. EN25 steel is an alloy of medium carbon low alloy steel which is used for many applications requiring high tensile strength and wear resistance such as connecting rods, adapters and in power sectors extensively. The specimens are machined to 20 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter. This study is done by two stages: The first stage is done by austenitizing EN25 steel to 850  for 1 hr by quenching the specimens in three different quenching media and then tempered at 300   in air. While the second stage is performed by wear test. Dry sliding wear test is done by using pin –on-disc technique by varying the loads as 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 N, also varying the time as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min respectively. The microstructure examination, hardness and followed roughness tests are also done for the specimens before and after wear test. The results of this work showed that an improving in wear resistance and hardness for the specimen quenched by salt water more than for water and oil. At the same time the roughness decreasing for the specimen quenched by salt water more than for water and oil.

 

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Enhancement of NO2 gas sensing behavior for ZnS/PPy nanostructure by loading graphene
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The pure ZnS and ZnS-Gr nanocomposite have been prepared
successfully by a novel method using chemical co-precipitation. Also
conductive polymer PPy nanotubes and ZnS-PPy nanocomposite
have been synthesized successfully by chemical route. The effect of
graphene on the characterization of ZnS has been investigated. X-ray
diffraction (XRD) study confirmed the formation of cubic and
hexagonal structure of ZnS-Gr. Dc-conductivity proves that ZnS and
ZnS-Gr have semiconductor behavior. The SEM proved that
formation of PPy nanotubes and the Gr nanosheet. The sensing
properties of ZnS-PPy/ZnS-Gr for NO2 gas was investigated as a
function of operating temperature and time under optimal condition.
The sensitivity,

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Chloride Ions on the Corrosion Behavior of Al – Zn Alloy in NaOH Solution at Four Different Temperatures
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This research involves study effect of chloride ions in concentration range (0.01 – 0.50 mol.dm-3) on the corrosion behavior of Al-Zn alloy in basic media of 1x10-3 mol.dm-3 NaOH at pH=11 and four different temperatures in the range (298-313 K). Cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes (bc &ba) and transfer coefficients (αc & αa) were calculated and the results interprets according to the variation of the rate – determining steps. The results also indicate that the chloride ions are bonded chemically in the interface as an initial step of formation of different mixed oxohydroxy – and chloro complexes. Polarization resistance (Rp) is calculates

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 19 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Improve Wear Resistance on Al 332 Alloy Matrix- Micro -Nano Al2O3 Particles Reinforced Composite
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The wear behavior of alumina particulate reinforced A332 aluminium alloy composites produced by a stir casting process technique were investigated. A pin-on-disc type apparatus was employed for determining the sliding wear rate in composite samples at different grain size (1 µm, 12µm, 50 nm) and different weight percentage (0.05-0.1-0.5-1) wt% of alumina respectively. Mechanical properties characterization which strongly depends on microstructure properties of reinforcement revealed that the presence of ( nano , micro) alumina particulates lead to simultaneous increase in hardness, ultimate tensile stress (UTS), wear resistances. The results revealed that UTS, Hardness, Wear resistances increases with the increase in the percentage of

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Intervention Program on Nurses' Practices concerning Diet Instructions for Orthopedic Patients treated by Internal Fixation Devices
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Abstract

Objective(s): To determine the interventional program effectiveness on nurses' practices concerning diet instructions for orthopedic patients treated by internal fixation devices.

Methodology: A quantitative approach using prexperimental design is conducted to determine the effectiveness of an interventional program on nurses’ practices regarding orthopedic patients diet instruction and teaching after internal fixation implemented. The study has started from 1st of April 2022 and ended on 15th of December, 2022. The conduction of the study in Misan governorate  / Al-Zaharawy surgical hospital. A non-probability, purpo

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 18 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
E4An Ultrastructural Study by Transmission Electron Microscope of Exocrine Pancreatic Cells in Diabetic Rats Treated with Herbal Combination
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     The current study was designed to investigate the alterations in the ultrastructure of orgenelles and cellular activity of exocrine pancreatic acini of experimentally induced-diabetic rats and to assess the usefulness of herbal combination supplementation in improving the ultrastructure and cellular activity of exocrine pancreas. The number of albino male rats used were 24 which divided into equally 4 groups; group I: control group, group II: alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan 120 mg/kg for 3 days), group III: herbal combination treatment composed from the extracts of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum), black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds, rhizomes

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2022
Journal Name
Ieee Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics: Systems
Design of Robust Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Underactuated Flexible Joint Robot
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Flexible joint robot (FJR) manipulators can offer many attractive features over rigid manipulators, including light weight, safe operation, and high power efficiency. However, the tracking control of the FJR is challenging due to its inherent problems, such as underactuation, coupling, nonlinearities, uncertainties, and unknown external disturbances. In this article, a terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) is proposed for the FJR system to guarantee the finite-time convergence of the systems output, and to achieve the total robustness against the lumped disturbance and estimation error. By using two coordinate transformations, the FJR dynamics is turned into a canonical form. A cascaded finite-time sliding mode observer (CFTSMO) is construct

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 18 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
DEVOTING MEDIA PLURALISM THROUGH ACHIEVING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN DIGITAL MEDIA: : (Features, Constituents And Obstacles )
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The media of all kinds have the task of introducing, expressing and objectively representing the cultures of different societies in various types and forms of press and media. The precept of media pluralism is the basis for freedom of expression & the cornerstone of its realization. Therefore, it is linked to the establishment of several conditions and elements in order to establish it as a principle and practice. Issues of cultural diversity in media and cultural pluralism are one of the most important elements and indicators. So, this paper aims to shed light on the concept of media pluralism and related concepts within the framework of cultural diversity and multicultural indicators. Thus, highlighting the feature

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Modeling of Bending Properties of Stainless Steel 304 Sheets Welded by Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Process
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In this research, the effects of both current and argon gas pressure on the bending properties of welded joints were studied. Using the possible ranges of welding gas pressures and currents, Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) of stainless steel (304) sheet was used to obtain their influence on the maximum bending force of the (TIG) welded joints. Design of experiment (DOE) ‘version 10' was used to determine the design matrix of experiments depending on the used levels of the input factors. Response surface methodology (RSM) technique was used to obtain an empirical mathematical model for the maximum bending force as a function of welding parameters (Current and Argon gas pressure). Also, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to verif

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 15 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of ageing media on shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems (A comparative in-vitro study)
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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of different orthodontic adhesive systems after exposure to aging media (water storage and acid challenge). Materials and methods: Eighty human upper premolar teeth were extracted for orthodontic purposes and randomly divided into two groups (40 teeth each): the first group in which the bonded teeth were stored in distilled water for 30 days at 37°C, and the second group in which the bonded teeth were subjected to acid challenge. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (10 teeth each) according to the type of adhesive system that would be bonded to metal brackets: either non-fluoride releasing adhesive (NFRA),

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Media campaigns, evolution and concept
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In dealing with media management phenomenon, concept and elements, we have tried, as much as possible, to build an abstract concept that can be analyzed and measured by analyzing the elements and components of the concept mentioned and explain it.

Before further consideration of the management of media campaigns, it is necessary to restore some points of media management so as not to understand the subject of campaign management as if it is independent of the concept of media management and the objectives that we seek to ensure its achievement. As we have noted that the concept of media management frames the administration mentioned as:

- Authority to manage the media institution.

- Operations supervised by the me

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