Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of four different obturation materials to intraradicular dentin and to determine the failure mode. Materials and method: forty straight palatal roots of the maxillary first molars teeth were used in this study, the roots were instrumented using crown down technique and rotary EndoSequence system, the roots were randomly divided into four groups according to the materials used for obturation (n=10).Group (1): AH Plus sealer and gutta-percha. Group (2): Activ GP glass ionomer sealer and Activ GP gutta-percha (Activ GP system). Group (3): Bioceramic sealer and Bioceramic gutta-percha. Group (4): GuttaFlow2 sealer and gutta-percha. For all groups single cone obturatio

Water absorbent polymers (WAP) are new component in producing building materials. They provide internal curing which reduces autogenous cracking, eliminates autogenous shrinkage, mortar strength increased, enhance early age strength to withstand strain, improve the durability, introduce higher early age compressive strength, have higher performance and reduce the effect of insufficient external curing. This research used different percent of polymer balls to choose the percent that provides good development in compressive strength with time for both water and air curing. The water absorption polymer balls in this research have the ability to absorb water and after usage in concrete they spill out the water (internal curing) and shri

This study was focused on biotreatment of soil which polluted by petroleum compounds (Diesel) which caused serious environmental problems. One of the most effective and promising ways to treat diesel-contaminated soil is bioremediation. It is a choice that offers the potential to destroy harmful pollutants using biological activity. The capability of mixed bacterial culture was examined to remediate the diesel-contaminated soil in bio piling system. For fast ex-situ treatment of diesel-contaminated soils, the bio pile system was selected. Two pilot scale bio piles (25 kg soil each) were constructed containing soils contaminated with approximately 2140 mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). The amended soil: (contaminated soil with the a