Cost estimation is considered one of the important tasks in the construction projects management. The precise estimation of the construction cost affect on the success and quality of a construction project. Elemental estimation is considered a very important stage to the project team because it represents one of the key project elements. It helps in formulating the basis to strategies and execution plans for construction and engineering. Elemental estimation, which in the early stage, estimates the construction costs depending on . minimum details of the project so that it gives an indication for the initial design stage of a project. This paper studies the factors that affect the elemental cost estimation as well as the relation between these factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Final conclusions and recommendations were extracted for better elemental estimation accuracy in project management.
This research deals with Salinger's concerns about predicaments of youth like Franny and her brother Zooey. Their predicaments are related to identity, family, religion, beliefs, life and death, education, source of power, and society. It illustrates adults struggle to adapt themselves to live a normal social American life. It proves necessary to balance their coexistence in a materialistic milieu to achieve spiritual peace, tranquility, and stability.
The study aimed to identify career engagement among school principals, the researcher used descriptive approach and reached the study sample (230) school, principals. The researcher instruments used: career engagement, has been checked and face validity, and construction and consistency of the instruments using internal consistency Cronbach's alpha The study came to the following findings: - The degree of career engagement among school principals was (29.0200) this refers to a higher level, compared with the theoretical average of (27) and the study showed that the results showed no significant statistical differences between school principals in the level of career engagement due to the variable sex.
In Iraq, there is a limited research work exploring the clinical pharmacists' role from the point of view of other healthcare professionals. To investigate physicians' assessment of clinical pharmacy services at Baghdad hospitals, and compare junior physicians with senior physicians' point of view. The study was conducted in twelve governmental hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. Data was collected from a sample of two hundred physicians, and through a validated, self-administered questionnaire, which comprised twenty statements in addition to a non-personal information form that precedes the questionnaire The study findings reveal a somewhat positive point of view towards clinical pharmacists' performance in Baghdad h
... Show MoreThe Arab-Israeli conflict passed through several stages before reaching the final stage of normalization, namely conflict, conflict and public normalization. Thus, the UAE became the third country to establish official relations with Israel after Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994. With the announcement of the normalization agreement, opinions varied between supporters and opponents of the idea of normalization with Israel, and some countries expressed their acceptance of establishing official relations between the Emirates and Israel, while others warned of the consequences of normalization, which they described as treachery. Although the UAE confirmed that the normalization agreement between the two sides was credited with stopping Israel's
... Show MoreThis study investigates consecutive reaction assisted by pervaporation for the first time. It studies the saponification of diethyladipate DA with sodium hydroxide NaOH solution synchronous with separating ethanol from the reaction mixture through an aqueous – organic membrane. The effect of time on some variables such as: permeated ethanol concentration EtOH wt%, separation factor (α), concentration of NaOH solution CB in the reaction medium and the conversion of DA to monoethyladipate (the intermediate product) was studied. It was shown that EtOH wt% and the conversion increased with increasing time unlike CB but (α) showed the existence of maximum value during the time of experiment. The process of reaction assisted by pervaporation
... Show MoreGaslift reactors are employed in several bioapplications due to their characteristics of cost-effectiveness and high efficiency. However, the nutrient and thermal gradient is one of the obstacles that stand in the way of its widespread use in biological applications. The diagnosis, analysis, and tracking of fluid paths in external draft tube gaslift bioreactor-type are the main topics of the current study. Several parameters were considered to assess the mixing efficiency such as downcomer-to-rizer diameter ratio (Ded/Dr), the position of the diffuser to the height of bioreactor ratio (Pd/Lr), and gas bubble size (Db). The multiple regression of liquid velocity indicates the optimal setting: Ded/Dr is (0.5), Pd/Lr is (0.02), and Db
... Show MoreThe purpose of this study is discuss the effect of Corporate Governance in the Tax Planning, has been made in a sample of Iraqi Industrial contribution Companies listed in Iraqi Stock Exchange Market (ISE) , for the period from 2008 to 2012.The study used the" Experimental Research Approach" . Also used the (Modified Jones Model, 1995) in order to measure the corporate governance, to measure the extent of the practice of corporate governance in the samples companies. While it use to measure tax planning, the model that used by studies and researches of tax that adopted in discussions of tax reform, by analyzing the financial statements of companies to reach a measurement for the two variables of the study. T
... Show MoreThermal properties of soils are important in buried structures contact problems. Although laboratory is distinctly advantageous in measuring the thermal conductivity of soil under ideal condition, given the ability to simulate relatively large-scale in place of soil bed, the field thermal conductivity of soil is not yet commonly used in many types of research. The use of only a laboratory experiment to estimate thermal conductivity may be the key reason for overestimation or underestimation it. In this paper, an intensive site investigation including field thermal conductivity tests for six different subsoil strata were performed using a thermal probe method (TLS-100) to systematically understanding the effects of field dry density, water c
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