This article aims to establish and evaluate standards for critical equipment and materials in highway projects in Iraq. Delphi technique has been used to analyze, explore, and discover the main criteria and sub-criteria that affect equipment and materials in highway construction projects in Iraq. To determine the correct response to the criteria presented in this study, a program (IBM, SPSS/V25) was used to assess the main criteria and sub-criteria using the mean score (MS) and standard deviation (SD) technique, as well as to check reliability using Cronbach's alpha factor (α). The experts' qualifications and the extent to which the person is ready to commit are both important factors in panel selection. The design of a questionnaire, which is also identified as questions or repetitions, is based on a clear identification of study objectives, a literature review, and other primary research activities. By applying the Delphi technique steps and procedures, this research reveals fifteen (15) successful criteria in equipment and materials in highway construction projects in Iraq.
Au nanoparticle-functionalized (TiO2)1−x(ZnO:MgO)x nanocomposite thin films (0≤x≤0.3) were effectively produced by chemical spray pyrolysis and annealed at 600 °C. The effects of ZnO incorporation and Au nanoparticle modification on the films' structural, optical, and antibacterial properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD analysis confirms the formation of polycrystalline anatase TiO2 and shows a composition-dependent structural development with increasing ZnO concentration. The optical experiments revealed increased transmittance and a progressive widening of the optical band gap from 3
... Show More4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-isaxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide was synthesized by reacting the diazonium salt of sulfamethoxazole with 3-amino phenol. Complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II), Au(III), and Pt(IV) were produced and characterized by atomic absorption, elemental microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, different scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the conductivity and magnetic properties were quantified. According to the analytical studies, all complexes were found to possess a 1:2 metal–ligand ratio and were non-electrolytes, except the Au(III) complex electrolyte, which had a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio. The biological activities of some of the
... Show MoreAqueous Two Phase System (ATPS) or liquid-liquid extraction is used in biotechnology to recover valuable compounds from raw sources. In Aqueous Two-Phase Systems, many factors influence the Partition coefficient, K, (which is the ratio of protein concentration in the top phase to that in the bottom phase) and the Recovery percentage (Rec%). In this research, two systems of ATPS were used: first, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000/Sodium citrate (SC), and the second, PEG8000/ Sodium phosphate (SPH), for the extraction of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The behavior of Rec% and K of pure (BSA) in ATPS has been investigated throughout the study by the effects of five parameters: temperature, concentration of polyethylene glycol (P
... Show MoreThis study focuses on synthesizing Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) thin films on silicon wafers and quartz substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering for NO2 gas sensors. The films undergo annealing in ambient air at 800 °C for 1 hr. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements, and sensitivity measurements, are employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, electrical, and sensing properties of the Nb2O5 thin films. XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature and hexagonal crystal structure of Nb2O5. The optical band gap values of the Nb2O5 thin films demonstrate a decrease from 4.74 to 3.73 eV
... Show MoreThis study focuses on synthesizing Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) thin films on silicon wafers and quartz substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering for NO2 gas sensors. The films undergo annealing in ambient air at 800 °C for 1 hr. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Hall effect measurements, and sensitivity measurements, are employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, electrical, and sensing properties of the Nb2O5 thin films. XRD analysis confirms the polycrystalline nature and hexagonal crystal structure of Nb2O5. The optical band gap val
... Show MoreIn this work, of New Ligand [(E)-5-hydroxy-4-(3-(4-methoxy phenyl) acryl amido) naphthalene -1- sulfonic acid] (ANS) was prepared by reflexing reaction of 4-amino-5-hydroxy naphthalene sulfonic acid with para methoxy cinnamic acid, this produced and described chemical was employed as ligand to prepare tri and di-organotin complexes by condensation reaction with the salts of organotin chloride (phenyl, butyl, and methyl tin chloride). Specialized methods, including elemental analysis, (tin and proton) magnetic resonance, and infrared spectra, were used to identify the complexes. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) are both commonly used methods for measuring antioxidant capacity in v
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