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Assessment of the Cost and Time Impact of Variation Orders on Construction Projects in Sulaimani Governorate
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Variation orders are an on-going phenomenon in construction and industry projects worldwide, particularly in the province of Sulaimani, where the project's damage from cost and schedule overrun because of variation orders. However, the effect on project costs and time overrun of variation order has yet to be identified. This study evaluates the impact of variation orders on the cost and time off in the Sulaimani governorate. Two hundred twenty-eight projects from various construction sectors built between 2007-2012 were adopted to calculate the contract cost and schedule overruns due to variation orders. Data analysis was applied in the study were descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA was also applied to determine whether the overrun of project cost and schedule significantly varied depending on project type, size, duration, location, and awarded years. The findings indicated that cost overruns are very common due to variation orders. 95.6% of the projects were studied being impacted, and overrun in project cost are also huge, with 16%. Time also overruns more common than cost overruns due to the variation orders. 98.7% of the projects were studied in Sulaimani were affected by time overrun with an average of 46.3% of initial duration observed. Findings also indicated that two out of five parameters measured in the analysis had a significant correlation with project cost overruns. Three out of five considered variables correlated with construction time overruns. 

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 02 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Linguistic Errors in second language learning through Error Analysis theory: هه‌ڵه‌ زمانییه‌كان له‌ فێربوونی زمانی دووه‌مدا (له‌ ڕوانگه‌ی تیۆری شیكاری هه‌ڵه‌ییه‌وه‌)
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Second language learner may commit many mistakes in the process of second language learning. Throughout the Error Analysis Theory, the present study discusses the problems faced by second language learners whose Kurdish is their native language. At the very stages of language learning, second language learners will recognize the errors committed, yet they would not identify the type, the stage and error type shift in the process of language learning. Depending on their educational background of English as basic module, English department students at the university stage would make phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and lexical as well as speech errors. The main cause behind such errors goes back to the cultural differences

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Prepare Maps For Greenhouse Gases With Some Weather Elements For Baghdad City Using Data Observation And Arc-GIS Techniques
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Abstract<p>Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole.In this research, the air pollutants concentration measurements such as Total Suspended Particles(TSP), Carbon Monoxides(CO),Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and meteorological parameters including temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and wind speed & direction were conducted in Baghdad city by several stations measuring numbered (22) stations located in different regions, and were classified into (industrial, commercial and residential) stations. Using Arc-GIS program ( spatial Analyses), different maps have been prepared for the distribution of different pollutant</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Solving Resource Allocation Model by Using Dynamic Optimization Technique for Al-Raji Group Companies for Soft Drinks and Juices
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In this paper, the problem of resource allocation at Al-Raji Company for soft drinks and juices was studied. The company produces several types of tasks to produce juices and soft drinks, which need machines to accomplish these tasks, as it has 6 machines that want to allocate to 4 different tasks to accomplish these tasks. The machines assigned to each task are subject to failure, as these machines are repaired to participate again in the production process. From past records of the company, the probability of failure machines at each task was calculated depending on company data information. Also, the time required for each machine to complete each task was recorded. The aim of this paper is to determine the minimum expected ti

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16s rRNA gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that isolated from Patients and environment
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common and major opportunistic human pathogen, its causes many and dangersinfectious diseases due to death in some timesex: cystic fibrosis , wounds inflammation , burns inflammation , urinary tract infection , other many infections otitis external , Endocarditis , nosocomial infection and also causes other blood infections (Bacteremia). thereforebecomes founding fast and exact identification of P. aeruginosafrom samples culture very important.However, identification of this species may be problematic due to the marked phenotypic variabilitydemonstrated by samples isolates and the presence of other closely related species. To facilitate species identification, we used 16S ribosomal DNA(rRNA) sequence data

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Using Dates Leaves Midribs to Prepare Hierarchical Structures Incorporating Porous Carbon and Zeolite A Composites for Cesium137Cs Ion Exchange
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This study synthesized zeolite 4A, and hierarchical composite structure consisting of zeolite 4A- carbon were successfully prepared. Hydrothermal method was used to grow a layer of zeolite 4A over porous carbon surfaces to enhance mass transfer and increase surface area of zeolite. The products then were used to remove radioactive cesium137Cs from liquid wastewater. Iraqi dates leaves midribs (DM) were used as locally available agricultural waste to prepare low- cost porous carbon, using carbonization method in tubular furnace at 900C for two hours. Hierarchical porous structures including zeolite are prepared by mechanically activating the carbon surface via Ultrasonicating nanoparticles suspension of ground zeolite type 4A.F

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
solving linear fractional programming problems (LFP) by Using denominator function restriction method and compare it with linear transformations method
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Abstract

The use of modern scientific methods and techniques, is considered important topics to solve many of the problems which face some sector, including industrial, service and health. The researcher always intends to use modern methods characterized by accuracy, clarity and speed to reach the optimal solution and be easy at the same time in terms of understanding and application.

the research presented this comparison between the two methods of solution for linear fractional programming models which are linear transformation for Charnas & Cooper , and denominator function restriction method through applied on the oil heaters and gas cookers plant , where the show after reac

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Jordanian Journal Of Computers And Information Technology
BEYOND WORDS: HARNESSING SPEECH SOUND FOR SPEAKER AGE AND GENDER DETECTION USING 1D CNN ARCHITECTURE WITH SELF-ATTENTION MECHANISM
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Beyond the immediate content of speech, the voice can provide rich information about a speaker's demographics, including age and gender. Estimating a speaker's age and gender offers a wide range of applications, spanning from voice forensic analysis to personalized advertising, healthcare monitoring, and human-computer interaction. However, pinpointing precise age remains intricate due to age ambiguity. Specifically, utterances from individuals at adjacent ages are frequently indistinguishable. Addressing this, we propose a novel, end-to-end approach that deploys Mozilla's Common Voice dataset to transform raw audio into high-quality feature representations using Wav2Vec2.0 embeddings. These are then channeled into our self-attentio

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Publication Date
Wed May 12 2010
Journal Name
Tikrit Journal Of Pure Science
Synthesis and Characterizationof Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II) , Cu(II) Complexes with 2- ( 4- Antipyrene azo )-tyrosine Ligand.
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Coupling reaction of ( 4-amino antipyrene) with the (L- tyrosine ) gave the new azo ligand 2- ( 4- Antipyrene azo ) - tyrosine .Treatment of this ligand with metal ions (Mn(II) ,Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) )in ethanolic medium in (1:2) (M:L) ratio yield a series of a neutral complexes of the general formula [M(L)2] . The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption , FT.IR , UV-Vis spectroscopic and elemental microanalysis (C.H.N) as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurement

Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology And Medicine
Listeria innocua Dps as a nanoplatform for bioluminescence based photodynamic therapy utilizing Gaussia princeps luciferase and zinc protoporphyrin IX
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 20 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation for Some Metal Ions Complexes with New Ligand Derived from 2-hydroxy-1- napthaldehyed
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The newly synthesized Schiff base ligand (E)-2-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-1-ol (phenyl hydrazine derivative), is allowed to react with each of the next mineral ion: Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+andCd2+successfully resulting to obtain new metal complexes with different geometric shape. The formation of Schiff base complexes and also the origin Schiff base is indicated using LC-Mass that manifest the obtained molar mass, FT-IR proved the occurrence of coordination through N of azobenzene and O of OH by observing the shifting in azomethines band and appearing of M-N and N-O bands. Moreover, we can also detect by such apparatus, the presence of aquatic water molecule inside the coordination sphere. UV-Vis spectra of all resultants reveale

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