The use of essential services in modern constructions, such pipes, and ducts, became important, placing these pipes and ducts underneath the soffit of the beam. They made a ceiling sandwich, and that causes to reduce the height of the floor, so the presence of the opening in the beam saves the height of the floor. In this paper, the investigation of the beam response of reinforced concrete simply supported rectangle beams with square web openings is presented, including a number of the web openings (two, four, and eight), in addition to its use in strengthening the member at the openings (when the beam is planned before casting, internal deformation steel bar is used, and in case of the opening is existing in the beam, (CFRP) fabric is used.). The test results indicated that the opening Strengthening of beams might compensate for the decrease of the beam load capacity because of the existence of the openings in the shear zone. The compensation of beam capacity depends on the strengthening method, which was adopted. The shear crack loads of the strengthened with externally CFRP specimen's reduction ranging from (15.38 to 38.46%) of their failure loads while the shear crack load of internally reinforced strengthened ranging from (15.38 to 30.76%).
One of the most important parameters determining structural members' durability and strength is the fire flame's influence and hazard. Some engineers have advocated using advanced analytical models to predict fire spread impact within a compartment and considering finite element models of structural components to estimate the temperatures within a component using heat transfer analysis. This paper presented a numerical simulation for a reinforced concrete beam’s structural response in a case containing Water Absorbing Polymer Spheres (WAPS) subjected to fire flame effect. The commercial finite element package ABAQUS was considered. The relevant geometrical and material parameters of the reinforced concrete beam model a
... Show MoreDue to the vast using of digital images and the fast evolution in computer science and especially the using of images in the social network.This lead to focus on securing these images and protect it against attackers, many techniques are proposed to achieve this goal. In this paper we proposed a new chaotic method to enhance AES (Advanced Encryption Standards) by eliminating Mix-Columns transformation to reduce time consuming and using palmprint biometric and Lorenz chaotic system to enhance authentication and security of the image, by using chaotic system that adds more sensitivity to the encryption system and authentication for the system.
The non static chain is always the problem of static analysis so that explained some of theoretical work, the properties of statistical regression analysis to lose when using strings in statistic and gives the slope of an imaginary relation under consideration. chain is not static can become static by adding variable time to the multivariate analysis the factors to remove the general trend as well as variable placebo seasons to remove the effect of seasonal .convert the data to form exponential or logarithmic , in addition to using the difference repeated d is said in this case it integrated class d. Where the research contained in the theoretical side in parts in the first part the research methodology ha
... Show MoreIn today's world, digital image storage and transmission play an essential role,where images are mainly involved in data transfer. Digital images usually take large storage space and bandwidth for transmission, so image compression is important in data communication. This paper discusses a unique and novel lossy image compression approach. Exactly 50% of image pixels are encoded, and other 50% pixels are excluded. The method uses a block approach. Pixels of the block are transformed with a novel transform. Pixel nibbles are mapped as a single bit in a transform table generating more zeros, which helps achieve compression. Later, inverse transform is applied in reconstruction, and a single bit value from the table is rem
... Show MoreThe data compression is a very important process in order to reduce the size of a large data to be stored or transported, parametric curves such that Bezier curve is a suitable method to return gradual change and mutability of this data. Ridghelet transform solve the problems in the wavelet transform and it can compress the image well but when it uses with Bezier curve, the equality of compressed image become very well. In this paper, a new compression method is proposed by using Bezier curve with Ridgelet transform on RGB images. The results showed that the proposed method present good performance in both subjective and objective experiments. When the PSNR values equal to (34.2365, 33.4323 and 33.0987), they were increased in the propos
... Show MoreAutorías: Imad Kadhim Khlaif, Israa Gameel Hussein, Talib Faissal Shnawa. Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte. Nº. 5, 2022. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.
The simulation study has been conducted for the harmonics of Nd: YAG laser, namely the second harmonic generation SHG, the third harmonic generation THG, and the fourth harmonic generation FHG. Determination of beam expander's expansion ratio for specific wavelength and given detection range is the key in beam expander design for determining minimum laser spot size at the target. Knowing optimum expansion ratio decreases receiving unit dimensions and increases its performance efficiency. Simulation of the above mentioned parameters is conducted for the two types of refractive beam expander, Keplerian and Galilean. Ideal refractive indices for the lenses are chosen adequately for Nd: YAG laser harmonics wavelengths, so that increasing transm
... Show MoreAbstract: This study aims to investigate the backscattering electron coefficient for SixGe1-x/Si heterostructure sample as a function of primary electron beam energy (0.25-20 keV) and Ge concentration in the alloy. The results obtained have several characteristics that are as follows: the first one is that the intensity of the backscattered signal above the alloy is mainly related to the average atomic number of the SixGe1-x alloy. The second feature is that the backscattering electron coefficient line scan shows a constant value above each layer at low primary electron energies below 5 keV. However, at 5 keV and above, a peak and a dip appeared on the line scan above Si-Ge alloy and Si, respectively, close to the interfacing line
... Show More