This work was conducted to study the recovery of catalyst and desirable components from tar formed in phenol production unit and more particularly relates to such a method whereby better recovery of copper salts, phenol, benzoic acid and benzoate salts from tar by aqueous acid solution was accomplished.
The effect of solvent type, solvent concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt%), agitation speed (100, 200, 300 and 400 rpm), agitation time (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min), temperature (90, 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 oC) , phase ratio (1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 and 5/1) and number of extraction (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were examined in order to increase the catalyst and desirable components extraction.
Four types of solvent were used; hydrochloric

This work was conducted to study the effect of selective adsorption on removal of sulfur  compounds  from  Iraqi  heavy  naphtha  from  Al-Dura refinery  by using  molecular  sieve (13X)  in a fixed-bed column and  it was be run out at 1.5–6.0h-1 LHSV, 15–30 gr  weight of molecular sieve (13X), 600–1650ppm sulfur concentration in the feedstock ,  the adsorption  temperature  was  25oC and 40oC.  The best operating conditions for removing sulfur compounds was 3.0 h-1 LHSV, 20 gr molecular sieve bed weight and 25oC temperature, where the sulfur content in heavy naphtha was reduced from nearly 600 ppm to less than 1 ppm (by weight). Regeneration steps was thermally took place by hot air flow in a range from 16.6

Bio-diesel is an attractive fuel fordiesel engines. The feedstock for bio-diesel production is usually vegetable oil, waste cooking oil, or animal fats. This work provides an overview concerning bio-diesel production. Also, this work focuses on the commercial production of biodiesel. The objective is to study the influence of these parameters on the yield of produced. The biodiesel production affecting by many parameters such s alcohol ratio (5%, 10%,15 %, 20%,25%,30%35% vol.), catalyst loading (5,10,15,20,25) g,temperature (45,50,55,60,65,70,75)°C,reaction time (0-6) h, mixing rate (400-1000) rpm. the maximum bio-diesel production yield (95%) was obtained using 20% methanol ratio and 15g biocatalyst at 60°C.

Two samples of (Ag NPs-zeolite) nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by easy hydrothermal method for 4 hours and 8 hours inside the hydrothermal autoclave at temperatures of 100°C. The two samples were used in a photoelectrochemical cell as a photocatalyst inside a cell consisting of three electrodes: the working electrode photoanode (AgNPs-zeolite), platinum as a cathode electrode, and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode, to study the performance of AgNPs-zeolite under dark current and 473 nm laser light for water splitting. The results show the high performance of an eight-hour sample with high crystallinity compared with a four-hour sample as a reliable photocatalyst to generate hydrogen for renewable energies.

Light naphtha one of the products from distillation column in oil refineries used as feedstock for gasoline production. The major constituents of light naphtha are (Normal Paraffin, Isoparaffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic). In this paper, we used zeolite (5A) with uniform pores size (5Aº) to separate normal paraffin from light naphtha, due to suitable pore size for this process and compare the behavior of adsorption with activated carbon which has a wide range of pores size (micropores and mesopores) and high surface area. The process is done in a continuous system - Fixed bed reactor- at the vapor phase with the constant conditions of flow rate 5 ml/min, temperature 180^oC, pressure 1.6 bar and 100-gram weight o

In this study NiO - CoO bimetallic catalysts are prepared with two Ni/Co ratios (70:30 and 80: 20) using the precipitation method of nitrate salts. The effects of Ni /Co ratio and preparation methods on the catalyst are analyzed by using different characterization techniques, i.e. atomic absorption (AA) , XRD, surface area and pore volume measurements according to the BET method . The results indicate that the best catalyst is the one containing the percentage of Ni :Co ( 70 : 30 ). Experiments indicate that the optimal conditions to prepare catalyst are stirring for three hours at a temperature of 60oC of the preparation , pH= (8-9) , calcination temperature at 400oC for two hours

Background: Deterioration of maxillofacial silicone properties due to microbial colonization is a common problem and leads to the replacement of the prosthesis. Incorporation of the antimicrobial agent into the silicone could be a solution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver-zinc zeolite addition on some mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone (VST-50). Materials and methods: Total 120 specimens were fabricated and divided into 3 groups: 40 specimens for tear strength test, 40 specimens for tensile and percentage of elongation tests and 40 specimens for Shore A hardness and surface roughness. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the amount of zeolite added (0% “control”, 0.5%, 1% and

Mobile ad hoc network is nothing but the temporary network which is having the collection of mobile nodes. Routing and broadcasting are major operations of MANET network. The major operation in ad hoc mobile network is the broadcasting which sometime results to storm problem of the broadcast if the forwarding mechanism is not properly designated. Thus the challenges in the MANET are to reduce the broadcasting redundancy and under high transmission error rate provides high delivery ratio. Hence in our proposed research, we are introducing and investigating the new mechanism of broadcasting called Dual Covered Broadcast. This method takes the broadcast redundancy advantage order to improve packet delivery ratio especially under environments w

The notion of a Tˉ-pure sub-act and so Tˉ-pure sub-act relative to sub-act are introduced. Some properties of these concepts have been studied.

   AlPO₄ solid acid catalyst was prepared in order to use it in transesterification reaction of edible oil after supporting it with tungsten oxide. The maximum conversion of edible oil was obtained 78.78% at catalyst concentration (5gm.), temperature 70°Ϲ, 30/1 methanol/edible oil molar ratio, and time 5hr. The study of kinetics of the transesterification reaction of edible oil indicates that the reaction has an order of 3/2, while the value of activation energy for  transesterification reaction is 51.367 kJ/mole and frequency factor equal 26219.13(L/ mol.minute).