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A Laboratory Study Attempt of Flow and Energy Dissipation in Stepped Spillways
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A new laboratory study conducted on stepped spillways in order to investigate their efficiency of dissipating flow energy. All previous study on stepped spillway indicated that the flow energy dissipation decreased as increasing in discharge. Increasing in the step numbers and the spillway slope led to energy dissipation decrease. In this study, an experimental attempt to increase energy dissipation at variable discharges was performed on stepped spillway and that leads to decreasing the cost of initiating the stilling basin or may be ignoring it. Five spillways were constructed from concrete and tested to investigate and compare among them. Three were roughed by gravel with different size for each one, one of them was stepped without any addition, and the last one was stepped with cavitation. The height of stepped spillways was 18 cm with unique numbers of steps (n = 3), and unique downstream slope of stepped face (θ =30⁰) were utilized. The percentage of relative energy dissipation (R.E.D) was increased using rough surface with coarse gravel. When the size of gravel increased, the R.E.D was increased and when using the ratio between heights of gravel to steps of 0.5, the R.E.D was increased to about triple compared with traditional spillways. The R.E.D was decreased when the cavitation on the stepped surface was utilized compared to the stepped spillway without any addition for large discharges and that was inverse for small discharges. Comparing to steps without any addition, the rouged steps with the larger size of gravel maximized the energy dissipation for both small and large discharges. The relative energy dissipation was 26.73 % compared with traditional spillway and 16.73 % compared with stepped spillway without any addition, since the stepped spillways more effective than traditional spillways by 10 %. In general, the R.E.D was decreased when increasing the discharge.

 

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 17 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Energy Methods For Initial –Boundary String Problem
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  We study one example of hyperbolic problems it's Initial-boundary string problem with two ends. In fact we look for the solution in weak sense in some sobolev spaces. Also we use energy technic with Galerkin's method to study some properties for our problem as existence and uniqueness

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
The Effect of Default Risk on Cash Flow Profitability Indicators: Analytical Research for a Sample of Iraqi Private Banks
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Focusing on the negative role of default risk on banks, as it is one of the most important risks facing banks, which are difficult to determine accurately, and its reflection on the indicators of profitability of cash flows. The increasing competition between banks led to an increase in the credit facilities granted by banks, and was accompanied by an increase in exposure to the risks of default, which led to an impact on the level of performance of banks in terms of achieving the required return according to the levels of high competition. Therefore, the problem of this study focused on the extent to which the risk indicators of default affect the profitability indicators of the cash flows of the banks research sample in the profit

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 19 2019
Journal Name
Heat And Mass Transfer
Mass transfer characteristics of a flow-by fixed bed electrochemical reactor composed of vertical stack stainless steel screens cathode
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Publication Date
Sun Apr 08 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Energy Consumption Analyzing in Single hop Transmission and Multi-hop Transmission for using Wireless Sensor Networks
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging in various application like military, area monitoring, health monitoring, industry monitoring and many more. The challenges of the successful WSN application are the energy consumption problem. since the small, portable batteries integrated into the sensor chips cannot be re-charged easily from an economical point of view. This work focusses on prolonging the network lifetime of WSNs by reducing and balancing energy consumption during routing process from hop number point of view. In this paper, performance simulation was done between two types of protocols LEACH that uses single hop path and MODLEACH that uses multi hop path by using Intel Care i3 CPU (2.13GHz) laptop with MATLAB (R2014a). Th

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 11 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Dynamics And Control
The modified predator–prey model response to the effects of global warming, wind flow, fear, and hunting cooperation
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Global warming has a serious impact on the survival of organisms. Very few studies have considered the effect of global warming as a mathematical model. The effect of global warming on the carrying capacity of prey and predators has not been studied before. In this article, an ecological model describing the relationship between prey and predator and the effect of global warming on the carrying capacity of prey was studied. Moreover, the wind speed was considered an influencing factor in the predation process after developing the function that describes it. From a biological perspective, the nonnegativity and uniform bounded of all solutions for the model are proven. The existence of equilibria for the model and its local stability is inves

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Applied Energy
Solidification enhancement with multiple PCMs, cascaded metal foam and nanoparticles in the shell-and-tube energy storage system
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Conversion And Management
Simultaneous energy storage and recovery in the triplex-tube heat exchanger with PCM, copper fins and Al2O3 nanoparticles
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE ROLE OF SATELLITE CHANNELS IN FORMING TRAFFIC AWARENESS AND PREVENTING ACCIDENTS - A FIELD STUDY: THE ROLE OF SATELLITE CHANNELS IN FORMING TRAFFIC AWARENESS AND PREVENTING ACCIDENTS - A FIELD STUDY
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The importance of the research comes from dealing with the problem of lack of traffic awareness, which causes accidents and the occurrence of human and material losses, and the research aims to study the role of satellite channels in forming traffic awareness among the public, and a sample was chosen from Baghdad consisting of (280) individuals, male and female, and used the questionnaire tool. To obtain the data, which included several questions, the results were analyzed statistically and several results were reached, the most important of which is that there is an interest among the public in following traffic programs at a rate of one to two hours to receive information through traffic programs and to identify and apply gener

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Analysis the Results of Laboratory Tests of Gypsum Soil Samples at Salah-Aldeen City by Using the GIS Program
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Abstract<p>This paper has dealing with experimentally works which includes properties of materials and testing program. The testing program includes rotine characterization tests, chemical, and physical tests for samples of gypseous soil. Samples of disturbed and undisturbed soil was obtained of seven different locations of Salah-Aldeen province. The unified classification system was adopted of study region. Except sample 7, soil categorization (as poorly graded sand) was a good graded sand soil. Samples had non plasticity rate (NP). The results of laboratory tests (by using Arc-Map GIS program) were enhanced by spatial interpolation mapping utilizing Inverse Distance Weighted Scheme.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 11 2019
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Animal Research
Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers
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Present study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of energy to protein ratios (EPR) using food waste and black soldier fly larvae meal (FWBSFL) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of 160 one-day old broiler chicks were divided randomly to four groups and each group had 8 replicates with 5 chicks per replicate. The control diet was formulated using conventional feed ingredients with EPR of 154 for the starter period and 167 for the finisher period. The other treatments were diets with normal, low, and high EPR (154,143, and 166 for the starter period; 167, 155, and 177 for the finisher period) using FWBSFL. Feed consumption and body weight gain as well as digestibility of crude protein, cr

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