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A Comparison Study of Brine Desalination using Direct Contact and Air Gap Membrane Distillation
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Membrane distillation (MD) is a hopeful desalination technique for brine (salty) water. In this research, Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) and  Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) will be used. The sample used is from Shat Al –Arab water (TDS=2430 mg/l). A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membrane was used as a flat sheet form with a plate and frame cell. Several parameters were studied, such as; operation time, feed temperature, permeate temperature, feed flow rate. The results showed that with time, the flux decreases because of the accumulated fouling and scaling on the membrane surface. Feed temperature and feed flow rate had a positive effect on the permeate flux, while permeate temperature had a reverse effect on permeate flux. It is noticeable that the flux in DCMD is greater than AGMD, at the same conditions. The flux in DCMD is 10.95LMH, and that in AGMD is 7.14 LMH.  In AGMD, the air gap layer made a high resistance. Here the temperature transport reduces in the permeate side of AGMD due to the air gap resistance. The heat needed for AGMD is lower than DCMD, this leads to low permeate flux because the temperature difference between the two sides is very small, so the driving force (vapor pressure) is low. 

                                                                                             

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 17 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Comparison between the Horizontal Condylar and Bennett Angles of Iraqi Full Mouth Rehabilitation Patients by Using Two Different Articulator Systems (An In-Vivo Study)
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Background: Errors of horizontal condylar inclinations and Bennett angles had largely affected the articulation of teeth and the pathways of cusps. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare between the horizontal condylar (protrusive) angles and Bennett angles of full mouth rehabilitation patients using two different articulator systems. Materials and Methods: Protrusive angles and Bennett angles of 50 adult males and females Iraqi TMD-free full mouth rehabilitation patients were estimated by using two different articulator systems. Arbitrary hinge axis location followed by protrusive angles and Bennett angles, estimation was done by a semiadjustable articulator system. A fully adjustable articulator system was utilized to locate th

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study of Hybrid Solar Air Conditioning System in Iraq
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In this paper, an experimental study of the thermal performance for hybrid solar air conditioning system was carried out, to investigate system suitability for the hot climate in Iraq. The system consists of vapor compression unit combined with evacuated tube solar collector and liquid storage tank. A three-way valve was installed after the compressor to control the direction flow of the refrigerant, either to the storage tank or directly to the condenser. The performance parameters were collected by data logger to display and record in the computer by using LabVIEW software. The results show that the average coefficient of performance of hybrid solar air conditioning system (R=1) was about 2.42 to 2.77 and the average p

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Comparison between Ericson's Formulae Results and Experimental Data Using New Formulae of Single Particle Level Density
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The partial level density PLD of pre-equilibrium reactions that are described by Ericson’s formula has been studied using different formulae of single particle level density . The parameter  was used from the equidistant spacing model (ESM) model and the non- equidistant spacing model (non-ESM) and another formula of  are derived from the relation between  and level density parameter . The formulae used to derive  are the Roher formula, Egidy formula, Yukawa formula, and Thomas –Fermi formula. The partial level density results that depend on  from the Thomas-Fermi formula show a good agreement with the experimental data.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2002
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Steady State Simulation of Atmospheric Crude Distillation Tower
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Study of direct marketing methods and identificationThe suitability of each of them for application in the Iraqi marketAn analytical study of the views of a sample of wholesalers in Baghdad
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Study of Direct Marketing techniques and determining the scope of the suitability of each of them in the application in the Iraqi market - An analytical and explorative study for sample of views for wholesaler in Baghdad. The essential idea of the research is to go into the most important concepts which have been mentioned in the direct marketing and determining its current and most important techniques and knowing the scope of applying these techniques in Baghdad main markets (Karrada, Jamilah, shorja, Baya area, zeyouna and new Baghdad) and which of those techniques most applicable in these markets. The research took a sample of (100) wholesalers who practice the activities of selling nutritional items, auto and outs spare part

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 29 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Studying and Analyzing Operating Conditions of Hollow Fiber Membrane Preparation Process: A Review Paper
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Polymeric hollow fiber membrane is produced by a physical process called wet or dry/wet phase inversion; a technique includes many steps and depends on different factors (starting from selecting materials, end with post-treatment of hollow fiber membrane locally manufactured). This review highlights the most significant factors that affect and control the characterization and structure of ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes used in different applications.    

   Three different types of polymers (polysulfone PSF, polyethersulfone PES or polyvinyl chloride PVC) were considered to study morphology change and structure of hollow fiber membranes in this review. These hollow fiber membranes were manufactured with different pro

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Case Studies In Chemical And Environmental Engineering
Removal of copper from a simulated wastewater by electromembrane extraction technique using a novel electrolytic cell provided with a flat polypropylene membrane infused with 1-octanol and DEHP as a carrier
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
A comparison between Objective and subjective tests
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This paper aims at presenting a comparison between objective and subjective tests . This paper attemptsto shed light on these two aspects of tests and make do a compression by using suitable techniques for objective and subjective tests .

     The paper compares between the two techniques used by the objective and subjective tests respectively, the time and efforts required by each type, the extent to which each type can be reliable, and the skills each type is suitable to measure.

     The paper shows that objective tests, on the contrary of the subjective ones, encourages guess> Objective tests are used to test specific areas of langua

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of customer contact on operation performance Case study in the specialist Dental Centre in Al-alwia
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the researchers Sought to determine the impact of the customer contact (Within a client contact there are two times, first is the total time required to create a service and within it there is contact time while the second time is the time of client contact ؛ where means a time that records the physical presence of the customer during the process of service) on operations performance by concentrate attention on the cost (labor productivity) and quality (patient ratio to the doctor) and speed (cycle time) and flexibility (the flexibility range) , as well as ruling out variable of innovation because of impossibility to measure this variable in the Specialty Center for Dental in al-alwia due to the center is lacking of mechanisms t

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 25 2020
Journal Name
Al-nahrain Journal For Engineering Sciences
Comparison Sequences of Pick and Place System Controlled Using PLC
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Pick and place system is one of the significant employments of modern robots utilized in industrial environments. The objective of this research is to make a comparison of time sequences by combining multiple axes of sequences. A pick-place system implemented with pneumatic linear double-acting cylinders to applicator in automated systems processes for manufacturing. The challenge of 3-axes movement control was achieved using the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controller such that the merging between two or three axes was achieved according to the selected sequence of the program. The outcomes show the contrasted sequences and the reference in a constant velocity. The main variable parameter is the number of steps for each sequ

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