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Demulsification of Water in Iraqi Crude Oil Emulsion
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Formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, and decreased water content in emulsions leads to increases productivity and reduces the potential for pipeline corrosion and equipment used. The chemical demulsification process of crude oil emulsions is one of the methods used for reducing water content. The demulsifier presence causes the film layer between water droplets and the crude oil emulsion that to become unstable, leading to the accelerated of water coalescence. This research was performed to study the performance of a chemical demulsifier Chimec2439 (commercial) a blend of non-ionic oil-soluble surfactants. The crude oils used in these experiments were Basrah and Kirkuk Iraqi crude oil. These experimental work were done using different water to oil ratio. The study investigated the factors that have a role in demulsification processes such as the concentration of demulsifier, water content, salinity, pH, and asphaltene content. The results showed in measuring the droplet size distribution, in Basrah crude oil, that the average water droplet size was between (5.5–7.5) μm in the water content 25% while was between (3.3-4) μm in the water content 7%. The average water droplet size depends on the water content, and droplet size reduced when the water content of emulsion was less than 25%. In Kirkuk crude oil, in water content of 7%, it was between (4.5-6) μm, while in 20%, it was between (4-8) μm, and in 25% it was between (5-8.8) μm. It was found that the rate of separation increases with increasing concentration of demulsifier. For Basrah crude oil at 400ppm the separation was 83%, and for Kirkuk, crude oil was 88%. The separation of water efficiency was increased with increased water content and salt content. In Basrah crude oil, the separation rate was 84% at a dose of salt of 3% (30000) ppm and at zero% of salt, the separation was70.7%. In Kirkuk crude oil, the separation rate was equal 86.2% at a dose of salt equal 3% (30000) ppm, and at zero% of salt, the separation 80%.

 

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 02 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences & Humanities
The Making of a Heroine: A Female Character as Portrayed in The English Patient By Michael OndaatjE
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This article discusses how women have significant abilities to cope with the difficulties of war times. They are not the weak and vulnerable victims who are thought to be. On the contrary, they have the power to control over many-sided fronts, like participating in the battlefield as nurses or activists for peace, or even fighters, as well as through the tasks and responsibilities assigned to them to protect and support their families during wartime. The researcher will examine the impact of war upon women. Like men, women suffer during wartime. They are being injured, tortured and killed. Yet, they are able to give examples of love and courage even in the difficult times of war. Hana is one of those women who lived during wartimes,

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Damage Detection and Assessment of Stiffness and Mass Matrices in Curved Simply Supported Beam Using Genetic Algorithm
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In this study, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to detect damage in curved beam model, stiffness as well as mass matrices of the curved beam elements is formulated using Hamilton's principle. Each node of the curved beam element possesses seven degrees of freedom including the warping degree of freedom. The curved beam element had been derived based on the Kang and Yoo’s thin-walled curved beam theory. The identification of damage is formulated as an optimization problem, binary and continuous genetic algorithms
(BGA, CGA) are used to detect and locate the damage using two objective functions (change in natural frequencies, Modal Assurance Criterion MAC). The results show the objective function based on change in natural frequency i

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Module performance using Five Parameters Model by using Matlab in Baghdad City
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This work presents the modeling of the electrical response of monocrystalline photovoltaic module by using five parameters model based on manufacture data-sheet of a solar module that measured in stander test conditions (STC) at radiation 1000W/m² and cell temperature 25 . The model takes into account the series and parallel (shunt) resistance of the module. This paper considers the details of Matlab modeling of the solar module by a developed Simulink model using the basic equations, the first approach was to estimate the parameters: photocurrent Iph, saturation current Is, shunt resistance Rsh, series resistance Rs, ideality factor A at stander test condition (STC) by an ite

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 27 2018
Journal Name
Revue Académique De La Recherche Juridique
The Scope of the Judge’s Authority in Completing a Contract and the Limitations Thereon – A Comparative Study
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The contractual imbalance is perceived today by the majority of the doctrine as being one of the pitfalls to the execution of the contracts. As a result, most legislations grant judges the power to intervene to restore it. Granting the judge the power to complete the contract raises the question of the extent to which the judge can obtain such power. Is it an absolute authority that is not limited? If so, is it a broad discretion in which the judge operates in his conscience, or is it a power of limited scope by specific legal texts and conventions? This is what we will try to answer in this research.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Chemosphere
Impact of anaerobically digested silver and copper oxide nanoparticles in biosolids on soil characteristics and bacterial community
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 26 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Possible Cardio-Protective Effects of Ethanolic Artichoke Extract against 5- Fluorouracil Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats
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Cardiac toxicity can occur during the therapy with several cytotoxic drugs, including 5- Fluorouracil (5- FU). It is an antimetabolite that acts during the S phase of the cell cycle and is activated by thymidine phosphorylase into fluorodeoxyuridylate (5 fluoro 2'deoxyuridine 5'monophosphate, 5-FdUMP) that inhibits thymidylate synthase, thus preventing DNA synthesis that leads to imbalanced cell growth and ultimately cell death. It is still a widely used anticancer drug, since 1957. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible cardio-protective effects of ethanolic artichoke extract (Cynara scolymus L.) against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced cardio-toxicity in rats by evaluating serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amin

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Vancomycin Hydrochloride in Pure and Pharmaceutical Injections via Batch and Cloud Point Extraction Techniques
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Development of a precise and delicate reaction has been acquired for the determination of vancomycin hydrochloride using batch and cloud point extraction (CPE) methods. The first method is based on the formation of azo dye as a result of diazotized dapsone coupled with vancomycin HCl (VAN) in a basic medium. The sensitivity of this reaction was enhanced by utilizing a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and the cloud point extraction technique (second method). The azo dye formed was extracted into the surfactant-rich phase, dissolved in ethanol and detected at λmax 440 nm spectrophotometrically. The reaction was investigated using both batch and CPE methods (with and without extraction), and a simple comparison between the two

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 25 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical & Scientific Innovation
EFFECT OF CARROT AND GINGER EXTRACTS (ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH CIPROFLOXACIN) ON MULTIDRUG RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Open Agriculture
Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
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Abstract<p>A monthly correlation between urban vegetation growth and potential evapotranspiration (PET) is needed for better knowledge of controlling water resources and organized irrigation processes. This study aims to explore their relationship within an urban area like Baghdad, using a linear regression model to derive a best-fit line drawn in a scatterplot on a monthly time scale. Based on two different monthly data sources: weather variables (e.g., air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of 2 years, 2018 and 2021, this study presented the interannual variations of PET and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The choice of these ye</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Nov 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences And Applications
Treatment of gray hair in vitiligo patients by direct melanocytes transplant using needling micrografting and dermabrasion techniques
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, HA Al-Mudaris, Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2013 - Cited by 4

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