This study has been performed to study the inhibitory effects of crude plant extracts of Bay (laurus nobilis) leaves against some bacterial isolates represented by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermids, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa in vitro. The results showed that percentages of essential chemical of laurus nobilis leaves which represented by moisture, total oil, total ash, crude protein, crude fibers, carbohydrites and caloric values in dry weight are 5.96, 4.28, 14.2, 8.75, 24.8, 76.99%, and 284.92 kcal/100g respectively, the percentages of some major and minor mineral elements of laurus nobilis leaves powder which represented by Mg, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd and As, are: 0.211, 0.165, 0.023, 0.011, 0.00, 0.0004 mg/g and 3.140 ppm, respectively, while Co did not appear in the laurus nobilis leaves. The aqueous extract of the plant was acidic its pH 5.79. The results of initial detection (precipitation) showed that ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of laurus nobilis leaves contain all active compounds represented by tannins, saponins, flavonoides, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, sterols and cumarin, while alcoholic and hexan extracts contain also the some compounds except saponins, hexane extracts no phenols. Through the study of the effect of laurus nobilis leaves extracts against growth of bacteria in vitro a significant differences at (p<0.05) was observed, It was found that the ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts more were effective on the bacterial species than the other remaining extracts against the growth of bacteria, inhibitory activity was of all bacterial species at concentration of 3.125mg/ml and it was more effective on Staphyloccocus epidermids for ethyl acetate extract giving inhibitory zone estimated 15.5mm, while alchoholic extract was activity against bacteria E. coli at inhibition zone estimated 15mm, while hexan extracts has been showed inhibition activity of same concentration only on bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus with zone 10.5mm, as for it has been showed inhibitory activity of bacteria Proteus vulgaris at concentration 12.5mg/ml with zone 13mm, as for Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were their inhibition activity at concentration 25mg/ml while Staphyloccocus aureus was highest inhibition at zone 16.5mm and 14mm of same concentration as for the hexan and aqueous extracts respectively, while the inhibition of bacteria Proteus vulgaris was zone 10mm of aqueous extract, inhibitory activity of bacteria Pseudomonas aeroginosa has been showed at concentration 50mg/ml of zone 16mm, as for the bacteria Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis were the inhibitory zone at 12mm and E. coli at zone 18mm of concentration 100mg/ml. When measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each bacterial species at a concentrations 6.25- 12.5mg/ml for ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts have high inhibitory activity compared with the other concentrations, but the hexane and aqueous extracts have affected bacterial species at 12.5- 100 mg/ml, except for Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which was not affected by any of the concentrations of extracts.
Abstract
Social media has thrived recently and public organizations at Thi-Qar governorate across different levels are experimenting with launching government social media (GSM) to facilitating two-way interactions between the government and its citizens. Both scholars and practitioners are focusing on understanding the key success factors related to the create of GSM. This study aimed to identify the key success factors by exploring the formation mechanism of individuals’ continuous usage intention. Through the theoretical perspective of the uses and gratifications theory. We identify the gratification factors that stimulate users’ continuance intention toward GSM. Furthermore, we draw upon the stimulus–organism–
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Abstract
This study aims to identify the degree to which the first cycle teachers use different feedback patterns in the E-learning system, to identify the differences in the degree of use according to specialization, teaching experience, and in-service training in the field of classroom assessment as well as the interaction between them. The study sample consisted of (350) female teachers of the first cycle in the governmental schools in Muscat Governorate for the academic year 2020/2021. The study used a questionnaire containing four different feedback patterns: reinforcement, informative, corrective, and interpretive feedback. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were verified in terms of validity
... Show MoreThis study examines the analysis of the contents of the international public relations campaign in confronting the Covid-19 virus, which was taken from the (Your Health is a Trust) campaign for the World Health Organization, Iraq office.The research problem revolves around a main question that is, what are the axes of the campaign (Your Health is a Trust) established by the World Health Organization (Iraq office) in the prevention of Covid 19 virus?From this main question, several sub-questions emerged that this study answered on their Facebook page, and the communication activities of the Covid-19 awareness campaign. In the content analysis form, as this form included a number of main themes and main categoriesthat were adopted in analyzin
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The skill scale in most of sport activity monitoring a lot of dynamic behaviours conducted with playing situations that help the excerpt's in sport field to evaluate and put right solutions ,soccer one of games that studies in third stage in college and take skills ,dribbling , passing, shooting these skills helps to execute the plans in game ,the researchers notice that there is no test measure the skills of the game in the beginning of the first semester especially in the method of soccer in physical education college and the problem of the research were by answering the question that is there test connect between one or more that one of skill to measure the ability of students to execute the plans in soccer and the conclusion was the bui
... Show MoreThis research aims to demonstrate the impact of the going concern assumption in different accounting applications to provide a realistic look and more accurate result of activity and financial situation, as well as determining the responsibility of the Company's administration in compliance with the going concern assumption during the preparation for their financial statements, and to clarify the concept of integration between internal audit and external audit about going concern assumption, besides its importance and usefulness on the work of both of the internal auditor and the external auditor, as well as on the company under auditing process.This research purports preparing an internal audit program, including a set of auditing actio
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The research aims to achieve the basis of tax justice by making a comparison between the tax accounting process according to the application of the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS15 and the tax accounting procedures currently used in the General Authority for Taxes to determine the annual and total tax differences, to give credibility and enhance transparency in the reports and financial statements of companies Long-term contracts when prepared in accordance with the requirements of applying the international standard IFRS15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, which increases the possibility of relying on them when calculating taxes. Thus, the resea
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Problem of current research can determine the dimensions to answer the following question: The effect of teaching using the six thinking hats on academic achievement for students in the second grade average in the subject of Family Education. The importance of research: research is gaining importance in terms of:
1. That this research is the first of its kind in the researcher's knowledge _ which deals with the teaching of Family Education by using the six hats, the researcher hopes to fill a gap in the educational field and serve in other studies serve the materials home economics. 2. Keep pace with the new field of modern education and strategies. 3. Highlight on the educational strategy in the field of creative
The importance of this research has been to rationalize the cost of producing maize seeds through the followers of modern techniques and methods in agricultural activities such as genetic engineering for increasing production efficiency of maize seeds as well as the importance of calculating seed cost rationalization through the ABC system and thus rationalizing government spending. The research is based on one hypothesis in two ways that the use of genetic engineering on maize seeds works to: one - increase production efficiency of seeds and savings in agricultural inputs. 2. Rationalize the costs of examining and planting maize seeds. In order to calculate the costs will be based on the cost system based on activities ABC. The research
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Anatomical changes in internal tissue of stem and leaf when seed and plant treated with acids to enhance growth and development in maize was studied during the spring seasons of 2019 and 2020. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Main plots received foliar nutrition treatments, including ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), and humic acid (HA) at concentrations of 100 mg L−1, alongside HA at 1 ml L−1, with distilled water as the control. Sub-plots underwent corresponding treatments for seed soaking. Results indicated variations in vascular bundle size among treatments, with foliar CA treatment showing superior results in both years, as well as seed soaking in CA and HA. Interaction effects were observed, n
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