This study has been performed to study the inhibitory effects of crude plant extracts of Bay (laurus nobilis) leaves against some bacterial isolates represented by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermids, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa in vitro. The results showed that percentages of essential chemical of laurus nobilis leaves which represented by moisture, total oil, total ash, crude protein, crude fibers, carbohydrites and caloric values in dry weight are 5.96, 4.28, 14.2, 8.75, 24.8, 76.99%, and 284.92 kcal/100g respectively, the percentages of some major and minor mineral elements of laurus nobilis leaves powder which represented by Mg, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd and As, are: 0.211, 0.165, 0.023, 0.011, 0.00, 0.0004 mg/g and 3.140 ppm, respectively, while Co did not appear in the laurus nobilis leaves. The aqueous extract of the plant was acidic its pH 5.79. The results of initial detection (precipitation) showed that ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of laurus nobilis leaves contain all active compounds represented by tannins, saponins, flavonoides, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, sterols and cumarin, while alcoholic and hexan extracts contain also the some compounds except saponins, hexane extracts no phenols. Through the study of the effect of laurus nobilis leaves extracts against growth of bacteria in vitro a significant differences at (p<0.05) was observed, It was found that the ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts more were effective on the bacterial species than the other remaining extracts against the growth of bacteria, inhibitory activity was of all bacterial species at concentration of 3.125mg/ml and it was more effective on Staphyloccocus epidermids for ethyl acetate extract giving inhibitory zone estimated 15.5mm, while alchoholic extract was activity against bacteria E. coli at inhibition zone estimated 15mm, while hexan extracts has been showed inhibition activity of same concentration only on bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus with zone 10.5mm, as for it has been showed inhibitory activity of bacteria Proteus vulgaris at concentration 12.5mg/ml with zone 13mm, as for Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were their inhibition activity at concentration 25mg/ml while Staphyloccocus aureus was highest inhibition at zone 16.5mm and 14mm of same concentration as for the hexan and aqueous extracts respectively, while the inhibition of bacteria Proteus vulgaris was zone 10mm of aqueous extract, inhibitory activity of bacteria Pseudomonas aeroginosa has been showed at concentration 50mg/ml of zone 16mm, as for the bacteria Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis were the inhibitory zone at 12mm and E. coli at zone 18mm of concentration 100mg/ml. When measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each bacterial species at a concentrations 6.25- 12.5mg/ml for ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts have high inhibitory activity compared with the other concentrations, but the hexane and aqueous extracts have affected bacterial species at 12.5- 100 mg/ml, except for Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which was not affected by any of the concentrations of extracts.
Abstract
The current research aims to identify the effect of using a model of generative learning in the achievement of first-middle students of chemical concepts in science. The researcher adopted the null hypothesis, which is there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group who study using the generative learning model and the average scores of the control group who study using the traditional method in the chemical concepts achievement test. The research consisted of (200) students of the first intermediate at Al-Farqadin Intermediate School for Boys affiliated with the Directorate of General Education in Baghdad Governorate / Al-Karkh 3 wit
... Show Moreفي الدراسة الحالية، تم تصنيع جسيمات ZrO2 النانوية باستخدام مستخلص نباتي مشتق من نبات Vitex agnus castus، ووسط قلوي مثل هيدروكسيد الصوديوم. تم استخدام أسلوب التخليق الحيوي لتحضير جزيئات أوكسيد الزركونيوم النانوية لهذا المشروع البحثي. تتميز هذه الطريقة عن غيرها بسبب فعاليتها من حيث التكلفة وبساطتها وقلة المخاطر المحتملة. وتم تشخيص العينات المحضرة باستخدام المجهر الإلكتروني النافذ TEM، المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح SEM،
... Show More
This research studies the rheological properties ( plastic viscosity, yield point and apparent viscosity) of Non-Newtonian fluids under the effect of temperature using different chemical additives, such as (xanthan gum (xc-polymer), carboxyl methyl cellulose ( High and low viscosity ) ,polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, Quebracho and Chrome Lignosulfonate). The samples were prepared by mixing 22.5g of bentonite with 350 ml of water and adding the additives in four different concentrations (3, 6, 9, 13) g by using Hamilton Beach mixer. The rheological properties of prepared samples were measured by using Fan viscometer model 8-speeds. All the samples were subjected to Bingham plastic model. The temperature range studi
... Show More
The problem of slow learning in primary schools’ pupils is not a local or private one. It is also not related to a certain society other than others or has any relation to a particular culture, it is rather an international problem of global nature. It is one of the well-recognized issues in education field. Additionally, it is regarded as one of the old difficulties to which ancient people gave attention. It is discovered through the process of observing human behaviour and attempting to explain and predict it.
Through the work of the two researchers via frequent visits to primary schools that include special classes for slow learning pupils, in addition to the fact that one of the researcher has a child with slow learning issue, t
The present research was carried out to assess the toxic effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Nerium oleander leaves and flowers daily at doses of (25) mg/kg body weight for four weeks in mice. The toxicity of this plant parts was determined after two and four weeks by measuring the parameters of cytogenetic (mitotic index, micronucleus %), and serum levels of the hematological (RBC, Hb, WBC) and biochemical (GOT, GPT, ALT, AST) indexes in comparison with that of the control (normal saline), also clinical signs were determined. The results showed a significant decrease in mitotic index while an obvious raise was seen in micronucleus percentage in comparison with that of the control after the two periods of admini
... Show More
The current study performed in order to detect and quantify epicatechin in two tea samples of Camellia sinensis (black and green tea) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Extraction of epicatechin from black and green tea was done by using two different methods: maceration (cold extraction method) and decoction (hot extraction method) involved using three different solvents which are absolute ethanol, 50% aqueous ethanol and water for both extraction methods using room temperature and direct heat respectively. Crude extracts of two tea samples that obtained from two methods were fractionated by using two solvents with different polarity (chloroform and
... Show More
(2)
1-[4-(2-Hydroxy-4, 6-dimethyl-phenylazo)-phenol]-ethanone (HL1) and 2-(4-methoxy-phenylazo)-3, 5- dimethyl-phenol (HL2) were produced by combination the diazonium salts of amines with 3, 5- dimethylphenol. The geometry of azo compounds was resolved on the basis of (C.H.N) analyses, 1H and 13CNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic mechanisms. Complexes of La (III) and Rh (III) have been performed and depicted. The formation of complexes has been identified by using elemental analysis, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic process as well, conductivity molar quantifications. Nature of complexes produced have been studied obeyed mole ratio and continuous alteration ways, Beer's law followed through a concentration scope (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M). High molar
... Show MoreThe present study was conducted to examine toxicological effects of copper sulfate (Cu) in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.). The LC50 (median lethal concentrations) of copper on Cyprinus carpio were 3.64, 3.36, 3.04, 2.65 mg/L respectively. In general, behavioral responses of the fishes exposed to copper included uncontrolled swimming, erratic movements, loss of balance, swam near the water surface with sudden jerky movements. Haematological parameters such, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV) mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were studied. The obtained results indicated that the (RBC) and (WBC) have increas
... Show MoreThe expanding of the medically important diseases created by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii warrants the evolve a new methodology for prevention includes vaccination and treatment. Totally of forty-five clinical isolates identified as A.baumannii were obtained from hospitalized patients from three hospital in Baghdad City during the period from February 2016 to August 2016. Followed by diagnosing using different methods. Every strain was tested for susceptibility testing also some important virulence factorswere detected. Two isolates were chosen for the immunization and vaccine model, the first one remittent for most antibiotics except one are too virulence (strong) and the second is less virulent and resistance (weak).Enzyme-
... Show More