This study has been performed to study the inhibitory effects of crude plant extracts of Bay (laurus nobilis) leaves against some bacterial isolates represented by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermids, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa in vitro. The results showed that percentages of essential chemical of laurus nobilis leaves which represented by moisture, total oil, total ash, crude protein, crude fibers, carbohydrites and caloric values in dry weight are 5.96, 4.28, 14.2, 8.75, 24.8, 76.99%, and 284.92 kcal/100g respectively, the percentages of some major and minor mineral elements of laurus nobilis leaves powder which represented by Mg, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd and As, are: 0.211, 0.165, 0.023, 0.011, 0.00, 0.0004 mg/g and 3.140 ppm, respectively, while Co did not appear in the laurus nobilis leaves. The aqueous extract of the plant was acidic its pH 5.79. The results of initial detection (precipitation) showed that ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of laurus nobilis leaves contain all active compounds represented by tannins, saponins, flavonoides, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, sterols and cumarin, while alcoholic and hexan extracts contain also the some compounds except saponins, hexane extracts no phenols. Through the study of the effect of laurus nobilis leaves extracts against growth of bacteria in vitro a significant differences at (p<0.05) was observed, It was found that the ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts more were effective on the bacterial species than the other remaining extracts against the growth of bacteria, inhibitory activity was of all bacterial species at concentration of 3.125mg/ml and it was more effective on Staphyloccocus epidermids for ethyl acetate extract giving inhibitory zone estimated 15.5mm, while alchoholic extract was activity against bacteria E. coli at inhibition zone estimated 15mm, while hexan extracts has been showed inhibition activity of same concentration only on bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus with zone 10.5mm, as for it has been showed inhibitory activity of bacteria Proteus vulgaris at concentration 12.5mg/ml with zone 13mm, as for Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were their inhibition activity at concentration 25mg/ml while Staphyloccocus aureus was highest inhibition at zone 16.5mm and 14mm of same concentration as for the hexan and aqueous extracts respectively, while the inhibition of bacteria Proteus vulgaris was zone 10mm of aqueous extract, inhibitory activity of bacteria Pseudomonas aeroginosa has been showed at concentration 50mg/ml of zone 16mm, as for the bacteria Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis were the inhibitory zone at 12mm and E. coli at zone 18mm of concentration 100mg/ml. When measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each bacterial species at a concentrations 6.25- 12.5mg/ml for ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts have high inhibitory activity compared with the other concentrations, but the hexane and aqueous extracts have affected bacterial species at 12.5- 100 mg/ml, except for Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which was not affected by any of the concentrations of extracts.
The present study discusses the problem based learning in Iraqi classroom. This method aims to involve all learners in collaborative activities and it is learner-centered method. To fulfill the aims and verify the hypothesis which reads as follow” It is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant differences between the achievements of Experimental group and control group”. Thirty learners are selected to be the sample of present study.Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples is used to analysis the results. The analysis shows that experimental group’s members who are taught according to problem based learning gets higher scores than the control group’s members who are taught according to traditional method. This
... Show MoreThis research examines aspects of Imam Al-Qurtubi's efforts in matters related to the topics of faith that he dealt with in his interpretation (the provisions of the provisions of the Qur’an); and it has been shown that Imam Al-Qurtubi in most of the doctrinal issues dealt with in his interpretation approximates the doctrine of the Sunnis of Ash'aris, Maturids and people of impact. He had responses to some of the teams, such as stereoscopic, karami, and Mu'tazilite, reinforcing the responses with transfer and mental evidence.
It was found that Imam Al-Qurtubi says that there is an increase in faith and a decrease in it, that the increase is through actions (so obedience increases and decreases in sin) and that the
The research aims to determine the role of the training strategy with its dimensions of (strategic analysis, formulation of training strategy, implementation of training strategy, evaluation) in the pioneering performance of the organization with its dimensions of (pre-planning , renewal and modernization, efficiency, effectiveness). Important and modern in pioneering performance and training strategy, and in recognition of the importance of the subject and the expected results of the surveyed banks, an analysis was made of the data obtained through field visits in addition to the questionnaire and interviews ,and the most prominent results that were reached were taking the research sample into consideration all the requirements of the trai
... Show MoreThe present study discusses the problem based learning in Iraqi classroom. This method aims to involve all learners in collaborative activities and it is learner-centered method. To fulfill the aims and verify the hypothesis which reads as follow” It is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant differences between the achievements of Experimental group and control group”. Thirty learners are selected to be the sample of present study.Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples is used to analysis the results. The analysis shows that experimental group’s members who are taught according to problem based learning gets higher scores than the control group’s members who are taught according to traditional method. This
... Show MoreReservoir study has been developed in order to get a full interesting of the Nahr Umr formation in Ratawi oil field. Oil in place has been calculated for Nahr Umr which was 2981.37 MM BBL. Several runs have been performed to get matching between measured and calculated of oil production data and well test pressure. In order to get the optimum performance of Nahr Umr many strategies have been proposed in this study where vertical and horizontal wells were involved in addition to different production rates. The reservoir was first assumed to be developed with vertical wells only using production rate of (80000–125000) STB/day. The reservoir is also proposed to produce using horizontal wells besides vertical wells with pr
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A restrictive relative clause (RRC hereafter), which is also known as a defining relative clause, gives essential information about a noun that comes before it: without this clause the sentence wouldn’t make much sense. A RRC can be introduced by that, which, whose, who, or whom. Givon (1993, 1995), Fox (1987), Fox and Thompson (1990) state that a RCC is used for two main functions: grounding and description. When a RRC serves the function of linking the current referent to the preceding utterance in the discourse, it does a grounding function; and when the information coded in a RRC is associated with the prior proposition frame, the RRC does a proposition-linking grounding function. Furthermore, when a RRC is not used to ground a new di
... Show MoreThis research deals with the color bias and its effect on maids in Mississippi in Kathryn Stockett''s (2003) The Help. The ill-treatment and negligence of Afro-American maids received from the white women who employed them in Mississippi that must have affected directly or indirectly on their personality and may eventually lead to suffering. They live in an atmosphere of struggle to free themselves from the complicated relationships between black and white. Afro-American maids pledged to liberate themselves from social oppression by protesting through writing a book which chronicles their stories in slave masters’ homes to make their presence felt as human being equal to their white masters.
The research was titled: Approval of the Imam of the Nuclear of Iraqis through the curriculum of the students.
The research revolves around the study of the weight of the imam nuclear jurisprudence in which the views of the Iraqi jurists of the Imam Shafi'i agreed through the book of students' approach to the nuclear imam, the research included a brief translation of the nuclear imam, and the definition of his place in the Shafi'i school, and then the definition of Iraqi jurists and then study the jurisprudence The course of research is only three issues, and compared with the views of imams, and the statement of the most correct opinion, and God and the conciliator.
researcher
Many changes took place in a number of Arab countries, most of which ended with the change of the ruling leadership and a new coming. The same change brought about the hopes of the people to turn the page of the past into a democracy through which to overcome the grievances of previous years and achieve justice in all its aspects. The same new grievances have been added to that precedent and justice has not yet been achieved. Here we try to address the justice that is applied in the stages of change or transitional stages, which have been called, ie transitional justice, which has mechanisms and conditions of different application between countries, each of which the conditions applied in them and through a review of these mechanisms bet
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