This study has been performed to study the inhibitory effects of crude plant extracts of Bay (laurus nobilis) leaves against some bacterial isolates represented by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermids, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeroginosa in vitro. The results showed that percentages of essential chemical of laurus nobilis leaves which represented by moisture, total oil, total ash, crude protein, crude fibers, carbohydrites and caloric values in dry weight are 5.96, 4.28, 14.2, 8.75, 24.8, 76.99%, and 284.92 kcal/100g respectively, the percentages of some major and minor mineral elements of laurus nobilis leaves powder which represented by Mg, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd and As, are: 0.211, 0.165, 0.023, 0.011, 0.00, 0.0004 mg/g and 3.140 ppm, respectively, while Co did not appear in the laurus nobilis leaves. The aqueous extract of the plant was acidic its pH 5.79. The results of initial detection (precipitation) showed that ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of laurus nobilis leaves contain all active compounds represented by tannins, saponins, flavonoides, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, sterols and cumarin, while alcoholic and hexan extracts contain also the some compounds except saponins, hexane extracts no phenols. Through the study of the effect of laurus nobilis leaves extracts against growth of bacteria in vitro a significant differences at (p<0.05) was observed, It was found that the ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts more were effective on the bacterial species than the other remaining extracts against the growth of bacteria, inhibitory activity was of all bacterial species at concentration of 3.125mg/ml and it was more effective on Staphyloccocus epidermids for ethyl acetate extract giving inhibitory zone estimated 15.5mm, while alchoholic extract was activity against bacteria E. coli at inhibition zone estimated 15mm, while hexan extracts has been showed inhibition activity of same concentration only on bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus with zone 10.5mm, as for it has been showed inhibitory activity of bacteria Proteus vulgaris at concentration 12.5mg/ml with zone 13mm, as for Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were their inhibition activity at concentration 25mg/ml while Staphyloccocus aureus was highest inhibition at zone 16.5mm and 14mm of same concentration as for the hexan and aqueous extracts respectively, while the inhibition of bacteria Proteus vulgaris was zone 10mm of aqueous extract, inhibitory activity of bacteria Pseudomonas aeroginosa has been showed at concentration 50mg/ml of zone 16mm, as for the bacteria Staphyloccocus epidermids, Bacillus subtilis were the inhibitory zone at 12mm and E. coli at zone 18mm of concentration 100mg/ml. When measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each bacterial species at a concentrations 6.25- 12.5mg/ml for ethyl acetate and alcoholic extracts have high inhibitory activity compared with the other concentrations, but the hexane and aqueous extracts have affected bacterial species at 12.5- 100 mg/ml, except for Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which was not affected by any of the concentrations of extracts.
The current research aims to examine the effect of the rapid learning method in developing creative thinking among second-grade female students in the subject of history. Thus, the researcher has adopted an experimental design of two groups to suit the nature of the research. The sample of the study consists of (36) randomly selected students from Al-Shafaq Secondary School for Women, which are divided randomly into two groups. The first group represents the experimental; it includes (31) students who studied the subject of history using the quick learning method. The second group, on the other hand, is the control group, which consists of (32) students, who studied the same subject using the traditional way. Before starting with the exp
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چکیده
کشورعراق مرزهای زمینی ایران دارد که علاوه بر این ، مشترکات وروابط متعدد اقتصادی ،سیاسی، فرهنگی ودينى ميان هر دو ملت می باشند . عراق بعلت موقعیت جغرافیایی ونزدیکی به ایران سهم بیشتری برای ورود واژه های فارسی به لهجه ی خود داشت ، علاوه بر این رویدادهای سیاسی متقابل قدیم و جدید میان دو کشور سبب ورود بسیاری از لغات فارسی به لهجه ی عراقی شد که کاربرد این لغات هم اکنون در لهجه ی عراقی آشکار است ، ای
... Show MoreLand Transport regards a main element in the In Fra – structure of the national economy where distance and time shortness, open new opportunities of work, develop the different regions and rise the standard of living….
It is necessary to emphasize that the circumastances surrounding Iraq such as wars, economic sanctions, blockade occupation effected negatively upon economic Indicators of land Transportion including Value of output Value added contraction of Investment allocation and Investment expend tuer and the period of implementation and fulfillment of the projects of Land Transport to be ready to offer their service in underdeveloped country Like Iraq aiming to satisfy Fast and acomprehensi
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The monogenean Gyrodactylus taimeni Ergens, 1971 was recorded in this study for the first time in Iraq from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as illustration were given. In addition, a list of species of Gyrodactylus so far recorded from C. carpio in Iraq is also included together with a list of all other hosts recorded for each gyrodactylid species.
To avoid the negative effects due to inflexibility of the domestic production inresponse to the increase in government consumption expenditure leads to more imports to meet the increase in domestic demand resulting from the increase in government consumption expenditure. Since the Iraqi economy economy yield unilateral depends on oil revenues to finance spending, and the fact government consumer spending is a progressive high flexibility the increase in overall revenues, while being a regressive flexibility is very low in the event of reduced public revenues, and therefore lead to a deficit in the current account position. And that caused the deficit for imbalance are the disruption of the
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The research aims at measuring the impact of visual media on the development of the tourism services sector, which is a field study for the public. It aims at determining the impact of visual media on tourism sector development, clarifying the concept of visual media and its functions and studying the role of media in the development of tourism culture among the public. For a sample of the employees of the University of Baghdad, consisting of (120) male and female. A questionnaire was prepared for this purpose consisting of (21) questions distributed to the sample. The data were analyzed and the hypotheses were tested using the statistical program spss to unload the results and calculate the frequencies, percentages and correlati
... Show MoreInvestments in shares represent an essential component of companies’ assets and a source of profit making resources. These investments are linked to the areas of trading and speculation, which is reflected on their market value, which makes accounting for and evaluating these investments require their own accounting standards, and thus several international standards were issued regarding this as well as a statement of their impact on growth Sustainable, as the research problem is to show the impact of measuring investments in shares according to international accounting and financial reporting standards on the sustainable growth of economic units, the research sample and its reflection on audit procedures. In accordance with i
... Show MoreThe dislocation and gifts at special is the aspect of social life they reflect us how rich and influential class of society, a special category of the ruling category of the caliph and his family and his ministers and his generals and senior statesmen, a powerful and wealth and power and study here dealing with the effect the media for the distribution of dislocations and gifts to the special category both internally and for employers the state and its men or externally represented foreign relations with princes in the state and the regions and include the definition of the concepts above with surrounding contents and events distributed as the some of which were distributed in certain occasions fixed times while others did not have a spe
... Show MoreBringing about urban, economic, and social changes in rural areas similar to those occurring in urban areas aims to reduce urban-rural disparities by providing services in those areas, decentralizing the management of these services, expanding citizen participation in local governance (decentralized administration), and achieving comprehensive development, developing and empowering localities, and keeping pace with new transformations and their impacts on the functions of the center and localities. In fact, the lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services has hindered development plans, and declined the level of services in rural areas, and has negative
... Show MoreBiomarkers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) have a role in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to explore the differences between serum levels of such biomarkers in severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases and compare them with normal people and to evaluate the sociodemographic variables and chronic diseases effect on the severity of COVID-19. The study included 160 subjects, divided into two groups, a case group of 80 patients, and a control group of 80 normal persons. The case group was divided into two subgroups: 40 severe COVID-19 patients and 40 patients with non-severe disease. Blood IL-6 was asses
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