Turkish policy towards Africa witnessed important developments over time that began before the Ottoman era and then developed during the Ottoman era when the Ottoman state played an important role in maintaining security by confronting Portuguese interventions in North Africa and sending military aid. Thus, the Ottoman state was able to develop its policy towards Africa for important considerations based mainly on the employment of the religious factor and the spread of Islam for the African acceptance of the Ottomans in the African territories and thus, achieve economic, strategic and political motives. Later, these relations declined in the Republican era due to the weak political and economic potential of Turkey on the one hand and th

The plant Papaver rhoeas ,which belongs to family Papaveraceae and known as common poppy is wildly grown in Iraq .It was used in traditional medicine in wide range of diseases including inflammation, diarrhea, sleep disorders, treatment of cough, analgesia, and also to reduce the withdrawal signs of opioid addiction.

The project provide the first comprehensive research done in Iraq to study the phytochemical and the methods of extraction and separation of alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas wildly grown in Iraq .The plant was harvested in April 2019 from Zurbatiya is an Iraqi town located at the northeast of Waist province in Iraq.The collected plant was washed thoroughly, dries under shade, and grounding in a mechani

Objective: determine the effectiveness of an education program on youth's level of awareness towards
household waste control.
Methodology: A Quazi-experimental study was conducted. Non-probability (quota sample) of (80) young
persons is selected from Baghdad Governorate. They are divided into two equal groups of (40) subjects for the
study group which is exposed to the household waste control educational program. The remaining is the
control group which is not exposed to the educational program.
Results: The findings of the study indicated that youth of the study group have got benefits from the
implementation of the educational program towards household waste control and change has occurred to
their awareness tow

The study aims to biosynthesized of sliver nanoparticle from aqueous extract of olive leave and evaluate the effectiveness of the synthesis AgNPs against isolated fungi. The study mediating fifty samples were taken from various tools in laboratory from five hospitals in Baghdad. Four species of fungi were identified depending on the morphological and microscopic characteristics. The most common isolated fungi based on their frequency ratio were as follows Aspergillus niger 87.5%, Aspergillus flavus 62.5%, Aspergillus fumigatus 53.5% and Aspergillus nidulans 37.7%.The Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle developed a rapid, eco-friendly and convenient green method for the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNP

To identify the fungi associated with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms), an aquatic weed, which presents in Tigris river from Baghdad south ward. Five regions from middle and south of Iraq (Al-Noumanya, Saeid Bin-Jubier, Al-Azizia, Al-Reyfay and Al-Hay) were selected for this study. Twelve fungal species were isolated. Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp and Cladsporium herbarum, were the most frequently species (91.66 % ,50 % and 25 %) respectively. The fungi Alternaria alternata, Acremonium sp. and Phoma eupyrena were more aggressive to water hyacinth as (91.66%,83,33%, and 75%) in pathogenicity test.

    Synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (A₁) is performed from the reaction of  o-aminothiophenol and carbon disulfide CS₂ in ethanol under basic condition. Compound (A₁)  is reacted with chloro acetyl chloride to give compound (A₂). Hydrazide acid compound (A₃) is obtained from the reaction of compound (A₂) with  hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux in the presence of glacial acetic acid .The reaction of hydrazide acid compound (A₃) with ethyl acetoacetate gives pyrazole compound (A₄). The new hydrazone  compound (A₅) was prepared from the reaction of compound (A₃) with  benzaldehyde. Reaction of compound

     This study included partial purification of the lipase enzyme from the karnel of the pecan nut. After applying ion exchange chromatography technique using CM-Cellulose, two lipase isoenzymes were observed with specific activity values of 2.66 and 1.7 units/mg protein. The highest activity of both isoenzymes appeared at the optimum pH values of 8 and 6 and at temperatures of 40 and 50 °C, respectively. A pure single band was obtained by using electrophoresis technique and it was found that the approximate molecular weight was 42 kDa for the two isoenzymes. The study dealt with the preparation of the diester compound 1,4-diacetoxybenzene, which was diagnosed by GC-MS and ¹H NMR spectrometry. When studying the inhibitio

The city suffers from the weakness of the civil defense to provide services where there are clusters of residential Guy covered services for that requires the study of the geographic distribution of the civil defense centers in Baghdad care great because they take care of Protect the population and their own property and protect state institutions. Through a review of the problems faced it is expected that this study will help decision-makers to take appropriate steps to develop this service core

  The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of essential oil extracted from yellow peels of Citrus aurantium on the radial growth of all fungi.  Penicillium expansum, Aspergilus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum.              The results showed significant gradual reduction of the surface growth of fungi, P. expansum and A. flavus was more affected by the essential oil, while  F. oxysporum  showed less sensitivity towards the essential oil. The reaction of growth was inconcommitant with increasing concentrationsof oil, reaching concentration of (5)% which showed complete inhibition.