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Comparison between Reference Infliximab (Remicade) and its Biosimilar (Remsima) in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Field-based Pharmacoeconomic Study
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Background: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that mostly involves the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is associated with a decreased quality of life. Biological medicines such as infliximab and its biosimilar are the mainstay treatments for active ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: The study objective was to conduct a pharmacoeconomic study comparing the cost-effectiveness of the reference infliximab with its biosimilar in ankylosing spondylitis patients visiting public hospitals.

Subjects and Method: This is a two-center pharmacoeconomic study performed at two large teaching governmental hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq, which supplied infliximab to outpatients with ankylosing spondylitis. The outcome data were obtained from patient’s medical records and face-to-face interviews with the patients from December 2021 through April 2022. The Independent T-Test was used to measure the differences in areas of utility, and quality of life, between the two infliximab groups.

Results: The study recruited 62 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who received infliximab (31 received Remicade, and 31 received Remsima) for at least 12 weeks at two public teaching hospitals. The mean age of the patients was 37.85 years and 83.9% were men. In general, both reference infliximab and its biosimilar were successful in increasing the quality of life. Their importation costs were different from 2019 to 2021. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of reference infliximab versus biosimilar was $ 40,909/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) according to 2019 pricing. In contrast, in 2021 reference infliximab (Remicade) was less expensive and yielded slightly better quality of life improvement than biosimilar (Remsima) making Remicade more cost-effective (dominant).

Conclusion: Remicade was slightly superior to Remsima in quality of life improvement. However, it was difficult to determine whether the reference or its biosimilar was more cost-effective in 2019 because the health officials did not specify a willingness to pay per quality-adjusted life year. Compared to Remsima, Remicade was more cost-effective in 2021 because it was less expensive and more effective in terms of quality of life improvement.

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Anti-Money Laundering Protection procedures in Commercial With establishment of a Proposal from work to Audit banks
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Concurrently with the technological development that the world is witnessing the crime of money laundering to evolve faster and with multiple methods and its economic, political and social impacts raised increasingly. And for phenomenon dangerous the international community in recent years is keen to be considered combating money laundering as a general indication whereby verification of the international response the stats and its banks and financial institutions with international requirements mandated in this aspect, so the increasing interest the governments of countries in the laws and procedures that contribute to the reduction of the phenomenon of money laundering and avoid legislation economy and the banking and financial sectors

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
THE ONCOGENIC EFFECT OF EBV/HPV CO-INFECTION IN A GROUP OF IRAQI WOMEN WITH CERVICAL CARCINOMA
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The current paper was designed to find the possible synergic effect of EBV infection with the HPV-16 in Iraqi women suffering from cervical carcinoma. This retrospective study involved paraffinized blocks of two groups. The research included 30 carcinomatous cervical tissues and 15 samples from normal cervical biopsies. After sectioning using positively charged slides, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect anti-Epstein Barr Virus LMP1 and Human papillomavirus type 16 primary antibodies. Sixty-three percentage (19 out of 30) of the studies group showed positive overexpression as shown in with a significant association of the expression with cervical cancer with a significant association (p = 0). The co-infection of the EBV and H

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Designing Primers with a Plant Signal Peptide to Enhance the Expression of GBA1 in Transgenic Soybean Plants
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Transgenic plants offer advantages for the manufacture of recombinant proteins with terminal
mannose residues on their glycan chains. So plants are chosen as source of pharmaceutical products and for
the development of alternative expression systems to produce recombinant lysosomal enzymes. In the
present study the sequence of the natural cDNA encoding for the human lysosomal enzyme
glucocerebrosidase (GCD) was modified to enhance its expression in soybean plants. The glucocerebrosidase
gene signal peptide was substituted with that signal peptide for the Arabidopsis thaliana basic endochitinase
gene to support the co-translational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the storage
vacuol

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 20 2023
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum
REVISION OF THE GENUS XYLOCOPA LATREILLE, 1802 (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) WITH A NEW RECORD OF SPECIES IN IRAQ
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In this study, the genus Xylocopa Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was revised. There were 4 species registered in our investigations: X. hottentotta Smith, 1854; X. olivieri Lepeletier, 1841; X. pubescens Spinola, 1838 and X. valga Gerstäcker, 1872, the first species was described as being found for the first time for the insect fauna of Iraq, which were obtained from Solanum melogena L. flowers. Key to the species was constructed and supported by figures of the main diagnostic characters and some morphological features, illustrated and compared with other species, which are recorded in the current survey.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using a hybrid SARIMA-NARNN Model to Forecast the Numbers of Infected with (COVID-19) in Iraq
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an acute disease that affects the respiratory system which initially appeared in Wuhan, China. In Feb 2019 the sickness began to spread swiftly throughout the entire planet, causing significant health, social, and economic problems. Time series is an important statistical method used to study and analyze a particular phenomenon, identify its pattern and factors, and use it to predict future values. The main focus of the research is to shed light on the study of SARIMA, NARNN, and hybrid models, expecting that the series comprises both linear and non-linear compounds, and that the ARIMA model can deal with the linear component and the NARNN model can deal with the non-linear component. The models

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2014
Journal Name
Al-mansour Journal /issue( 22 )
A Thematic Reading of John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress with Introductory References to Islam in English Literature
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The importance of this study lies in shedding the light on the impact of Islam and Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) on the western culture and English literature in particular. While some writers were looking at Islam as a dangerous element, others were completely taken by the oriental spirit of Arabic and Islamic culture and glorifying it. Writers from Chaucer to later ones mostly make references to this impact showing how vast was the gap of misunderstanding between the east and the West. Thus, this study aims at breaking the barrier between East and West in its three sections as it introduces the meaning of Islam and its common features with other religions in the first section. The second section briefly presents writers’ reflecti

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 29 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Aluminum Foil Coated with Polyester in a Direct Evaporative Cooling System
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An experimental study was carried out for an evaporative cooling system in order to investigate the effect of using an aluminum pad coated with fabric polyester. In the present work, it was considered to use a new different type of cooling medium and test its performance during the change in the wet-bulb temperature and dry-bulb temperature of the supply air outside of the pad, the relative humidity of the supply air, the amount of air supplied (300-600) CFM and also the change of the amount of circulated water (1.75, 2.5, 4.5) liter per minute. A decrease in the WBT of the air was obtained, whereas the WBT of the air entering the pad was 26.5 . In contrast, the WBT of the outside air had reached 23  even though eva

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The narrative and dramatic construction between the vision of the script and the director: بان جبار خلف
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  The relationship between the vision of the scenario and the director is represented in the second search for new mechanisms and possibilities that possess the direct effect and synonyms of the vision of the scenario, so he works on investing them in achieving his ideas and visions with more effectiveness and flexibility to achieve creative potentials, without resorting to the installations and expressive structures themselves that have exhausted their meaning, and lost their luster due to Its prevalence and familiarity on the one hand, and its activation on the other hand to achieve modernity at the level of aromas, after the director takes a method or approach that has privacy and exclusivity, and based on the foregoing, getting

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Examining the seasonal correlation between SSN, T-Isndex, and F10.7 parameters during solar cycles 23 and 24
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 08 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF Sensing and differentiation between normal flora and pathogenic of E.coli Bacteria using 410 nm diode laser
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Abstract: Background: Optical biosensors offer excellent properties and methods for detecting bacteria when compared to traditional analytical techniques.  It allows direct detection of many biological and chemical materials.  Bacteria are found in the human body naturally non-pathogenic and pathologically, as they are found in other living organisms.  One of these bacteria is Escherichia coli (E. coli) which are found in the human body in its natural and pathogenic form. E.coli bacteria cause many diseases, including Stomach, intestines, urinary system infections, and others. The aim of this study: is sensing and differentiation between normal flora and pathogenic E.coli. Material and method:

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