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Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and its Association with Job Title and Violence among Physicians in Baghdad: A Triangulated Methodology Study
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Background: Economic Globalization affects work condition by increasing work stress. Chronic work stress ended with burnout syndrome.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the association of job title, and violence with it among physicians in Baghdad, and to assess the burnout syndrome at patient and work levels by structured interviews.

Subjects and Methods: A cross section study was conducted on Physicians in Baghdad. Sampling was a multistage, stratified sampling to control the confounders in the design phase. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach (triangulation) was used. Quantitative method used self-administered questionnaires of Maslach Burn out Inventory. Qualitative approach used an open-ended question modified from Copenhagen Burnout Inventory by face-to-face interviews. An ordinal logistic regression used in the analysis phase to overcome confounders.

Results: The percentages of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling of inefficacy were 72.5%, 31.9%, and 12.7% respectively. Total burnout syndrome was 56.4%. Being single and hospital workers were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion (p=0.006, 0.001 respectively) and total burnout syndrome (p=0.017, 0.016 in sequence). In addition to emotional exhaustion and burnout syndrome, singles suffered from depersonalization (p=0.010). Administrative responsibilities made physicians less liable for emotional exhaustion but more prone to feeling of inefficacy (p=0.038, 0.017 respectively).  Less than 40-year age group had a relation with depersonalization, p=0.003, and total burnout syndrome p=0.013. Being male was significant with total burnout syndrome, p=0.008. All Violence types were associated significantly with burnout syndrome and its dimensions, p=0.001 (except feeling of inefficacy in which only threat was significant with it, p=0.054).

In qualitative part, the response rate was 80%. It was formulated from 3 themes. Highest percentages in these themes were gained by female and graded physicians.

Conclusion: Burnout affects over half of Baghdad’s doctor. Violence was significant to burnout syndrome but job title was not. In qualitative part female and graded physicians were most groups to be affected.

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 30 2026
Journal Name
Iklīl For Humanities Studies
The directions of the Federal Supreme Court in determining the parliamentary bloc with the largest number in the Iraqi constitution of 2005
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 23 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The extent of the social worker’s use of group discussion technique in professional practice with school activity groups in Tubas Governorate schools
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This study aimed at identifying the extent to which the social worker used the techniques of group discussion in the professional practice with the groups of school activity in the schools of Tubas governorate in light of some variables (gender, years of experience, academic qualification). The analytical descriptive method was used due to its suitability for the objectives of the study.  A questionnaire was designed to collect data that included (30) items, distributed in three areas .The validity and reliability of the tool were verified and then distributed to the study sample.

 

The results of the study showed that the highest averages were in the discussion stage domain, where the pre-discussion stage was m

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Publication Date
Tue May 12 2009
Journal Name
World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2009
Modeling the Evolution of Incised Streams in Hammar Mesopotomian Marsh with Emphasis on the Contribution of Tidal Flow in the Filling Requirements
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 12 2023
Journal Name
المجلة الدولية للتنمية في العلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية
the Ottoman Empire in the Nineteenth Century (Iraq as a Model)the Ottoman Empire in the Nineteenth Century (Iraq as a Model)
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One of the most important features of American foreign activity during the second half of the 19th century was the encouragement of sending Protestant missionary missions to all countries around the world. The mission of these missions was facilitated by the weakened state of the Ottoman Empire, the increasing influence of European countries, and their interference in its internal affairs. Despite the Ottoman efforts to counter the activities of these missions, the American missionary missions adopted a well-planned strategy that suited the conditions of the region, aimed at achieving their goals through direct and indirect methods, including intervention in the field of education. These missions gave great importance to educational aspects

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
In Situ Hybridization for Molecular Detection of Human Papilloma Viral 6 / 11 DNA in Adenoctomized Tissues from A group of Iraqi Pediatric Patients
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Among more than 200 different human papilloma viral genotypes, the association of low oncogenic risk-HPV genotypes have been recognized with a variety of oral, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal benign tumors as well as non-neoplastic polyposis and papillomas and adenoid hypertrophy. This prospective case- control study aims to determine the rate of DNA detection of HPV genotype 6/11 in nasopharyngeal adeno- tonsillar tissues from a group of patients subjected to adenoctomy for adenoid hypertrophy . A total number of nasopharyngeal adeno-tonsillar tissue specimens from pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled; 40 nasopharyngeal adeno-tonsillar tissues from patients with adenoid hypertrophy, and 20 normal nasal tissue specimen

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Evaluating the effects of reservoir level and foundation depth on the dynamic behaviour of a rockfill dam using three-dimensional finite elements modelling
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Abstract<p>This paper presents a three-dimensional Dynamic analysis of a rockfill dam with different foundation depths by considering the dam connection with both the reservoir bed and water. ANSYS was used to develop the three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of the rockfill dam. The essential objective of this study is the discussion of the effects of different foundation depths on the Dynamic behaviour of an embanked dam. Four foundation depths were investigated. They are the dam without foundation (fixed base), and three different depths of the foundation. Taking into consideration the changing of upstream water level, the empty, minimum, and maximum water levels, the results of the three-dimensional F</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 30 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Early and delayed effect of 2% chlorhexidine on the shear bond strength of composite restorative material to dentin using a total etch adhesive
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Background: Lack of durability of the bond of the dental adhesive systems to tooth structure is one of the most important problems in tooth colored restorative work. This in vitro study was performed to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate(CHX) on dentin bond strength by using total etch adhesive system at twenty-four hours and three months of water storage. Material and methods:A flat dentin surface was prepared for forty sound human maxillary premolar teeth which were acid etched with 36% phosphoric acid gel after being divided randomly into four groups of ten teeth each according to storage time and CHX application, theCHX was applied for 60 seconds before adhesive application for groups I and III which were tested after twe

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2022
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
A Role of Therapy that Targets Immune Checkpoint Proteins for the Treatment of Melanoma Brain Metastasis, Liver, Breast, Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
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Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immune therapy used to treat different types of cancers. These drugs block different checkpoint proteins, for example, CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 inhibitors.

They block proteins that stop the immune system from attacking the cancer cells.  Checkpoints are also described as a type of monoclonal antibody that antagonizes binding between B7 to CTLA-4 and PD-L1 to PD-1.

 Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat BARCA mutated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBCS) in patients who do not respond to chemotherapy, and also in the treatment of highly mutated and solid tumors such as brain tumors, liver, and pancreatic cancers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit an effect on solid tumo

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 01 2008
Journal Name
Saudi Medical Journal
Topical therapy of acne vulgaris using 2% tea lotion in comparison with 5% zinc sulphate solution.
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Finite Difference Methods,theory And Applications
Determination of the Time-Dependent Thermal Conductivity in the Heat Equation with Spacewise Dependent Heat Capacity
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