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Practice & Opinion of Doctors in Hospitals toward Referral System in Iraq
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Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system.  

Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system.  to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling.

Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form.

 

 

 

الملخص:

الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية.

الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة.

طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية.

النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي.

الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة.

 

 

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Effect of existing deposit facilities on the quality of bank liquidity: Applied research in the Central Bank of Iraq for the period (2010 - 2017)
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The research aims at showing the effectiveness of the existing deposit facilities in the liquidity of the Iraqi banking system for the period 2010/2017. The problem of research indicates that the Iraqi banking system enjoys high liquidity levels exceeding the standard rate set by the Central Bank of Iraq amounting to 30% For an appropriate level of liquidity remains a major challenge to the management of the bank because it is a trade-off between profitability and liquidity, and also indicates the existence of funds disabled and not available for credit and investment opportunities, and based on the research hypothesis:

The existence of a significant effect of the deposit facilities existing in the liquidity of the Iraqi banking

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of public expenditure and public revenue on some of the intangible components of social development in Iraq for the period 1985-2008
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تحتل أدوات السياسة المالية (الإنفاقية والإيرادية) مكانة مهمة بين أدوات السياسات الاقتصادية الأخرى لما تتمتع به من تأثيرات اقتصادية واجتماعية على مجمل النشاط الاقتصادي .

     وفي بحثنا هذا سنركز على الآثار الاجتماعية لأدوات السياسة المالية (الإنفاق العام والإيراد العام) لما للتنمية الاجتماعية من أهمية متزايدة في عالمنا اليوم خاصة فيما يتعلق بمقوماتها غير المادية المتمثلة في خدما

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2009
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
RECORD OF TWO SPECIES OF THE MONOGENETIC TREMATODES GENUS DACTYLOGYRUS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ ON GILLS OF THE CYPRINID FISH ALBURNUS CAERULEUS
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For the first time in Iraq, two species of monogenetic tretamtodes of the genus Dactylogyrus were recorded from gills of Alburnus caeruleus from Tigris river at Al-Zaafaraniya, south of Baghdad during June 1995. The first species, Dactylogyrus sphyrna is characterized by having the seventh pair of marginal hooklets almost twice as large as other marginal hooklets, powerful inner and outer processes of median hooks especially the inner one which is expanded terminally, one connecting bar and long spirally twisted copulatory organ. The second species, Daclytogyrus phoxini differs from the first one by having marginal hooklets of the same size, inner and outer processes of median hooks are not powerful, two connecting bars

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
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Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of the Stability of Some Commodity Activities in Iraq on the Estimation of the Statistical Data Models for the Period (1988-2000)
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There is an assumption implicit but fundamental theory behind the decline by the time series used in the estimate, namely that the time series has a sleep feature Stationary or the language of Engle Gernger chains are integrated level zero, which indicated by I (0). It is well known, for example, tables of t-statistic is designed primarily to deal with the results of the regression that uses static strings. This assumption has been previously treated as an axiom the mid-seventies, where researchers are conducting studies of applied without taking into account the properties of time series used prior to the assessment, was to accept the results of these tests Bmanueh and delivery capabilities based on the applicability of the theo

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The mechanisms of generation of Unemployment in Iraq and its types and calculating the Disguised of it: Analytical Study for the period 2003-2015
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 20 2022
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Hybrid Intrusion Detection System based on DNA Encoding, Teiresias Algorithm and Clustering Method
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Until recently, researchers have utilized and applied various techniques for intrusion detection system (IDS), including DNA encoding and clustering that are widely used for this purpose. In addition to the other two major techniques for detection are anomaly and misuse detection, where anomaly detection is done based on user behavior, while misuse detection is done based on known attacks signatures. However, both techniques have some drawbacks, such as a high false alarm rate. Therefore, hybrid IDS takes advantage of combining the strength of both techniques to overcome their limitations. In this paper, a hybrid IDS is proposed based on the DNA encoding and clustering method. The proposed DNA encoding is done based on the UNSW-NB15

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
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Big data analysis by using one covariate at a time multiple testing (Ocmt) method: Early school dropout in iraq
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2022
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International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences & Humanities
Intellectual property rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry in Iraq under accession to the World Trade Organization
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The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Monitoring dust storm using Normalized difference dust index (NDDI) and brightness temperature variation in Simi arid areas over Iraq
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Dust storms are a natural phenomenon occurring in most areas of Iraq. In recent years, the study of this phenomenon has become important because of the danger caused by increasing desertification at the expense of the green cover as well as its impact on human health. In this study  is important to devote the remote sensing of dust storms and its detection.Through this research, the dust storms can be detected in semi-arid areas, which are difficult to distinguish between these storms and desert areas. For the distinction between the dust storm pixels in the image with those that do not contain dust storm can be applied the Normalized Difference Dust Index (NDDI) and Brightness Temperature variation (BTV). MODIS sensors that carried

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis The Consistency Between The Tariff And The Exchange Rate And Their Reflection On The Trade Balance In Iraq
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