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Practice & Opinion of Doctors in Hospitals toward Referral System in Iraq
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Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system.  

Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system.  to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling.

Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form.

 

 

 

الملخص:

الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية.

الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة.

طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية.

النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي.

الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة.

 

 

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Old Age behaviors toward Cardiovascular Health Promotion
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        Abstract:

Objective: To assess old age behaviors toward cardiovascular health promotion. Find out the association between old age behaviors toward cardiovascular health promotion with certain sociodemographic characteristic and type of geriatric home.

Methodology:  A descriptive study is conducted throughout the period of (April 12th 2022 to august 22nd, 2023) presented to assess of old age behaviors toward cardiovascular health promotion. Purposive sample of (140) old age were selected from males and female’s participants from public and private Geriatric Homes at Baghdad city questi

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Toward a stereotype specification for measurement of university women
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A- The research problem: the research problem which is the garments industry, as a
whole it does not rely on a single system in the sizes of the clothing and the working
companies, see that it is not plausible that the sizes be unificd and consistent in all companies.
The current sizes in the domestic Iraqi markets are not suitable for some females ,on the other
hand the Iraqi industry suffers the lack of a modern standard for some Iraqis female bodies.
B- The Signifiance of the research: lies in the study of the diversity of the human body
sizes and naming them to reflect the desires and requirements of the consumer and try to find
a method to meet their expectations as well as to raise the level of garments industr

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Development of methods of treatment of medical waste in the hospitals of Baghdad health Department / (Rusafa survey)
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Purpose: To contribute to the development of an appropriate program for the management of medical waste based on clear-cut principles in order to reach the overall goal of improving the public health and environment of the population in our country.

Design / Approach / Introduction: The research is based on the analytical descriptive approach as a method of study in the field of data collection using a check list and analysis of the data through the use of some statistical treatments.

 Results: The need is to establish a medical waste management in hospitals and follow international standards in all stages of waste management from sorting, collection, transportation and treat

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ASTUDYON THERECORDOF EVALUATINGTHE SUPPLIERSACCORDING TO THE CONCEPT OF QUALITY AND BENEFITING FROM IT IN PRACTICE IN AL-FURAT STATE COMPANY AND FINDING POSSIBLE PROPOSALS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT: ASTUDYON THERECORDOF EVALUATINGTHE SUPPLIERSACCORDING TO THE CONCEPT OF QUALITY AND BENEFITING FROM IT IN PRACTICE IN AL-FURAT STATE COMPANY AND FINDING POSSIBLE PROPOSALS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT
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Success in selecting the best among the sources of supply is one of the most important factors in the efficiency of the procurement activity in the company, because the proper selection of the source of the supply significantly affect the achievement of what is desired by the factors of quality, quantity, price and service, and the ability of the competent supplier to meet everything associated with this Factors of commitments, hereby supporting the procurement function's efforts to fully discharge its responsibilities, and in view of adopting of Al-Furat company quality management system by applying the standards of ISO (9001: 2015) and purpose of getting the on-demand benefits from the application of international standards reg

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 18 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Knowledge, attitude and practice of Iraqi mothers towards Vitamin D supplementation to their infants in Baghdad Al -Rusafa 2016
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Background: Routine supplementation of vitamin D to infants is justifiable since vitamin D deficiency, and its consequences are highly prevalent not only in developing countries but worldwide. Maintaining a normal level of vitamin D is crucial in order to have a normal skeletal, as well as, extra-skeletal health. Knowledge of mothers regarding importance of vitamin D supplementation affect the health of their babies in a positive manner if accompanied by appropriate practice.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Iraqi mothers of under or equal 12 months old infants in Baghdad, AL-Rusafa, regarding vitamin D supplementation for their infants.

Typ

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Impact of Years’ Experience upon Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice concerning Infection Control at Critical Care Units in Baghdad City
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Introduction: Infection control or hospital-acquired infections are the major concern of the health care system and agencies. Critical care nurses are on the first-line contact with the patients, so on, they are most vulnerable to acquired infections. It is really important to regularly check their knowledge and practices concerning infection control. Objectives: The study aims to identify the impact of years’ experience on nurses’ knowledge and practices concerning infection control in three hospitals and center (Baghdad teaching hospital, Ibn Al-Nafees hospital, and Ibn al-Bitar center) Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted, the study starting from 4th of July 2020 to 13th of November 2020. Non-probability (purposive) sampl

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Reviews In Medical Microbiology
Molecular study of some virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different infections in hospitals of Baghdad
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One hundred isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained from patients admitted to Baghdad hospitals, Iraq during the period between May 2018 until July 2018. These isolates were distributed as 15 isolates from blood, 25 isolates from urinary tract infections, 10 isolates from sputum, 12 isolates from wounds, 15 isolates from ear infections, 15 isolates from bronchial wash of patients suffering from respiratory tract infections in addition to 8 isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. The isolates were initially identified by culturing on MacConkey agar, blood agar and P. aeruginosa agar then diagnosed by performing some morphological and biochemical tests. The second diagnosis was done by API 20E system followed by Vitek 2 compact syste

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Oxytocin Administration during Labor at Maternity Hospitals in Al-Kut City
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Objectives of the study: To assess nurses knowledge regarding oxytocin administration during labor and
delivery in maternity hospitals, and to find out the relationship between nurses knowledge and studied
variables (age, level of education, work times (shift) experience year, training course in nursing field).
Methodology: Descriptive analytic study was conducted on non-probability sample (convenient) of (70) nurses
to assess nurse’s knowledge related to oxytocin administration. The study is conducted at Al- kut Hospital for
Gynecology Obstetrics and Pediatrics and Al- Zahraa Teaching Hospital during periods 5th February to 24th
April 2013, A questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection to fulfill with objecti

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 11 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Impact of Health Educational Program Upon Nurses' Knowledge Towards Postoperative Wounds Care In Mosul Teaching Hospitals
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Objectives: The study aimed to assess the needs of nurses' knowledge toward post operative wound care and to constructed health educational program upon nurses who are working in surgical wards, to determine the relation between nurses' knowledge and their demographical characteristic which includes ( age, gender, level of education, number of years experience in the surgical wards, years of experience in nursing service, and number of attending an educational sessions), and to identify the impact of the health educational program on their knowledge through perform post-test every two months after imp

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 03 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Nurses' Knowledge Towards Child with Bacterial Meningitis at Pediatric Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City
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Objective: the aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and practices for nurses that working in
words of Ibn Al-kuff hospital for spinal cord injuries.
Methodology: descriptive study from the period of (1st of July to the 30th August 2005) about the
knowledge and practical management when autonomic dysreflexia syndrome affects those patients
whom sleeping in the words of this hospital and its relationship with some variables.
The sample of the study consists of (100) nurses male and females are selected purposively. a
questionnaire check list was designed for study purpose and applied by (test - retest) to improve the
reliability, the validity of the assessment was determined through a panel of experts.
The da

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