Background: Acute cholecystitis is common surgical
problem, which was treated previously by conservative
treatment .Later early open has been introduced as an
alternative to interval for treatment of acute cholecystitis.
Early open was found to be a safe, successful with
comparable postoperative complication rate. With the
advent of laparoscopy laparoscopic have been used for
chronic cholecystitis and became the first line of
treatment. New reports have shown that laparoscopic can
be used as an alternative to open for surgical treatment of
acute cholecystitis.
Objectives: to compare the success, safety of early
laparoscopic versus early open as a primary treatment of
acute cholecystitis.
Methods: out of 68 patients were treated for clinical
acute cholecystitis between January 2002 and February
2004 in the department of surgery, at Al – Kindy teaching
hospital. A total of 62 patients underwent early for acute
cholecystitis as soon as possible after diagnosis. The
preferred preoperative imaging technique was ultrasound.
30 (48.3%) of the operations were attempted
laparoscopically, whereas the remaining 32 patients
(51.7%) underwent initial open .
Results: The mean operative time for the open cases
was 75 minutes versus 60 minutes for the laparoscopic
group. There was no perioperative mortality in either
group. The incidence of conversion to open was 10% (3
patients). Surgical complications related to laparoscopic
and open occurred in 2 (6.6%) and 3 (9.3%) cases,
respectively. There was no difference between the open
and laparoscopic groups in regard to the major
postoperative complications.
Conclusion: The current study shows that early
(whether performed by open or laparoscopically) is a
safe and effective treatment for acute cholecystitis. Low
conversion rates can be maintained with strict guidelines
for appropriate patient selection, adequate experience,
and proper laparoscopic technique.
This work was conducted to study the ability of locally prepared Zeolite NaY for the reduction of sulfur compounds from Iraqi natural gas by a continuous mode adsorption unit. Zeolite Y was hydrothermally synthesized using abundant kaolin clay as aluminum precursor. Characterization was made using chemical analysis, XRD and BET surface area. Results of the adsorption experiments showed that zeolite Y is an active adsorbent for removal H2S from natural gas and other gas streams. The effect of temperature was found inversely related to the removal efficiency. Increasing bed height was found to increase the removal efficiency at constant flow rate of natural gas. The adsorption capacity was evaluated and its maximum uptake was 5.345 mg H2S/g z
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(3)
This paper presents an experimental study for strengthening existing columns against axial compressive loads. The objective of this work is to study the behavior of concrete square columns strengthening with circulation technique. In Iraq, there are significantly more reinforced rectangular and square columns than reinforced circular columns in reinforced concrete buildings. Moreover, early research studies indicated that strengthening of rectangular or square columns using wraps of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) provided rather little enhancement to their load-carrying capacity. In this paper, shape modification technique was performed to modify the shape (cross section) of the columns from square columns into circular colu
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(2)
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different techniques for extraction and purification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). An isolate of the virus free of possible contamination with other viruses infecting the same host and transmitted by the same vector Bemisia tabaci Genn. was obtained. This was realized by indicator plants and incubation period in the vector. Results obtained revealed that the virus infect Nicotiana glutinosa without visible symptoms, while Nicotiana tabaccum var. White Burley was not susceptible to the virus. The incubation period of the virus in the vector was found to be 21 hrs. These results indicate that the virus is TYLCV. Results showed that Butanol was more effective in clarification the
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(1)
A new class of higher derivatives for harmonic univalent functions defined by a generalized fractional integral operator inside an open unit disk E is the aim of this paper.
Maximum values of one particle radial electronic density distribution has been calculated by using Hartree-Fock (HF)wave function with data published by[A. Sarsa et al. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 88 (2004) 163–202] for K and L shells for some Be-like ions. The Results confirm that there is a linear behavior restricted the increasing of maximum points of one particle radial electronic density distribution for K and L shells throughout some Be-like ions. This linear behavior can be described by using the nth term formula of arithmetic sequence, that can be used to calculate the maximum radial electronic density distribution for any ion within Be like ions for Z<20.
The aim of the research is to identify the international accounting standards and accounting standards for Islamic banks, and to analyze the most important problems in the application of Islamic accounting standards, as well as to analyze some of the principles and methods used in the application of accounting standards in Islamic banks. The research was built on three hypotheses, the first being (there is a tangible impact on the application of international accounting standards for banks’ management of liquidity, achieving profits, maintaining property rights and fulfilling their obligations), and the second (the bank facing obstacles using Islamic accounting standards, as it is expected that when using Islamic accounting standar
... Show MoreWe study in this paper the composition operator that is induced by ?(z) = sz + t. We give a characterization of the adjoint of composiotion operators generated by self-maps of the unit ball of form ?(z) = sz + t for which |s|?1, |t|<1 and |s|+|t|?1. In fact we prove that the adjoint is a product of toeplitz operators and composition operator. Also, we have studied the compactness of C? and give some other partial results.
Background: Radiologic evaluation of breast lesions is being achieved through several imaging modalities. Mammography has an established role in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Still however, it shows some limitations particulary in dense breast.
Methods : Magnetic resonance imaging is an attractive tool for the diagnosis of breast tumors1 and the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is rapidly increasing as this technique becomes more widely available.1 As an adjunct to mammography and ultrasound, MRI can be a valuable addition to the work-up of a breast abnormality. MRI has the advantages of providing a three-dimensional view of the breast, performing wit
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