Background: Acute cholecystitis is common surgical
problem, which was treated previously by conservative
treatment .Later early open has been introduced as an
alternative to interval for treatment of acute cholecystitis.
Early open was found to be a safe, successful with
comparable postoperative complication rate. With the
advent of laparoscopy laparoscopic have been used for
chronic cholecystitis and became the first line of
treatment. New reports have shown that laparoscopic can
be used as an alternative to open for surgical treatment of
acute cholecystitis.
Objectives: to compare the success, safety of early
laparoscopic versus early open as a primary treatment of
acute cholecystitis.
Methods: out of 68 patients were treated for clinical
acute cholecystitis between January 2002 and February
2004 in the department of surgery, at Al – Kindy teaching
hospital. A total of 62 patients underwent early for acute
cholecystitis as soon as possible after diagnosis. The
preferred preoperative imaging technique was ultrasound.
30 (48.3%) of the operations were attempted
laparoscopically, whereas the remaining 32 patients
(51.7%) underwent initial open .
Results: The mean operative time for the open cases
was 75 minutes versus 60 minutes for the laparoscopic
group. There was no perioperative mortality in either
group. The incidence of conversion to open was 10% (3
patients). Surgical complications related to laparoscopic
and open occurred in 2 (6.6%) and 3 (9.3%) cases,
respectively. There was no difference between the open
and laparoscopic groups in regard to the major
postoperative complications.
Conclusion: The current study shows that early
(whether performed by open or laparoscopically) is a
safe and effective treatment for acute cholecystitis. Low
conversion rates can be maintained with strict guidelines
for appropriate patient selection, adequate experience,
and proper laparoscopic technique.
In this paper, a mathematical model was built for the supply chain to reduce production, inventory, and transportation in Baghdad Company for Soft Drink. The linear programming method was used to solve this mathematical model. We reduced the cost of production by reduced the daily work hours, the company do not need the overtime hours to work at the same levels of production, and the costs of storage in the company's warehouses and agents' stores have been reduced by making use of the stock correctly, which guarantees reducing costs and preserving products from damage. The units transferred from the company were equal to the units demanded by the agents. The company's mathematical model also achieved profits by (84,663,769) by re
... Show MoreLet G be a finite group and X be a G-conjugacy of elements of order 3. The A4-graph of G is a simple graph with vertex set X and two vertices x,yÎX are linked if x≠ y and xy-1 is an involution element. This paper aims to investigate the A4-graph properties for the monster Held group He.
The using of the parametric models and the subsequent estimation methods require the presence of many of the primary conditions to be met by those models to represent the population under study adequately, these prompting researchers to search for more flexible models of parametric models and these models were nonparametric models.
In this manuscript were compared to the so-called Nadaraya-Watson estimator in two cases (use of fixed bandwidth and variable) through simulation with different models and samples sizes. Through simulation experiments and the results showed that for the first and second models preferred NW with fixed bandwidth fo
... Show MoreObjective: Breast cancer is regarded as a deadly disease in women causing lots of mortalities. Early diagnosis of breast cancer with appropriate tumor biomarkers may facilitate early treatment of the disease, thus reducing the mortality rate. The purpose of the current study is to improve early diagnosis of breast by proposing a two-stage classification of breast tumor biomarkers fora sample of Iraqi women.
Methods: In this study, a two-stage classification system is proposed and tested with four machine learning classifiers. In the first stage, breast features (demographic, blood and salivary-based attributes) are classified into normal or abnormal cases, while in the second stage the abnormal breast cases are
... Show MoreThe current study is the identification and isolation dermatophyte species in clinical isolates by both Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM). Clinical specimens of hair, nails and skin scales were collected from patients with dermatophytosis and submitted to direct microscopic examination after immersion in 20% of potassium hydroxide solution. The clinical specimens were cultured on SDA containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, and on DTM. Tinea corporis showed the highest prevalent dermatophyte infection among patients (26.7%), followed by Tinea pedis (23.3%), whereas Tinea manuum exhibited the lowest fungal infection (6.7 %). Rural areas revealed the highest prevalence of dermatophyte in
... Show More
A descriptive study, which was using an assessment approach, was conducted for the
determination of the impact of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patient’s functional disability
upon their life style. The study was carried out at the Rheumatology and outpatients clinics of ALKarama
Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital AL-Kindey Teaching Hospital and Specialized
surgeries Teaching Hospital for the period of October 15th 2003 through May 13th 2004 in Baghdad
City. A purposive (non-probability) sample of (245) arthritis patients which was comprised (111)
rheumatoid arthritis patients and (134) osteoarthritis patients, was selected out of the early stated
settings. The questionnaire was comprised of
The need for image compression is always renewed because of its importance in reducing the volume of data; which in turn will be stored in less space and transferred more quickly though the communication channels.
In this paper a low cost color image lossy color image compression is introduced. The RGB image data is transformed to YUV color space, then the chromatic bands U & V are down-sampled using dissemination step. The bi-orthogonal wavelet transform is used to decompose each color sub band, separately. Then, the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to encode the Low-Low (LL) sub band. The other wavelet sub bands are coded using scalar Quantization. Also, the quad tree coding process was applied on the outcomes of DCT and
In this paper a dynamic behavior and control of a jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is developed using different control strategies, conventional feedback control (PI and PID), and neural network (NARMA-L2, and NN Predictive) control. The dynamic model for CSTR process is described by a first order lag system with dead time.
The optimum tuning of control parameters are found by two different methods; Frequency Analysis Curve method (Bode diagram) and Process Reaction Curve using the mean of Square Error (MSE) method. It is found that the Process Reaction Curve method is better than the Frequency Analysis Curve method and PID feedback controller is better than PI feedback controller.
The results s
... Show MoreIn this work, the methods (Moments, Modified Moments, L-Moments, Percentile, Rank Set sampling and Maximum Likelihood) were used to estimate the reliability function and the two parameters of the Transmuted Pareto (TP) distribution. We use simulation to generate the required data from three cases this indicates sample size , and it replicates for the real value for parameters, for reliability times values we take .
Results were compared by using mean square error (MSE), the result appears as follows :
The best methods are Modified Moments, Maximum likelihood and L-Moments in first case, second case and third case respectively.