Background: Women with previous two or
more caesarean deliveries are usually
managed by elective cesarean section to avoid
the possible risks of labor.
Objective: To compare the relative risks of
maternal and fetal outcomes in emergency
versus elective previous two or more
caesarean deliveries
Design: Randomized prospective clinical
study
Setting: Al-Elweya Maternity Teaching
Hospital, from 1st of March to 31st of
September 2008.
Methods: The study groups, those who had
previous two or more caesarean deliveries,
were included from the hospital admissions.
The 1st group (102 women) presented in labor
and was managed by caesarean delivery as
soon as it was possible. The second group (78
women) was admitted for elective cesarean
delivery.
The main maternal outcomes were intra
operative complications, including
hysterectomy, scar dehiscence, bladder
injuries, uterine and internal iliac arteries
ligation, and blood transfusion. Postoperative
maternal outcomes were severe morbidity
including bleeding, fever, urinary tract
infection, blood transfusion, the need to
Intensive Care Unit admission and
readmission. The fetal outcomes measures
were Apgar score at one and five minutes,
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS),
admission to the neonatal intensive care unit
and fetal loss up to hospital discharge.
Results: Both groups were comparable in
demographic, social and past obstetric history
characteristics. Intra operative complications
showed significant difference in bowel
adhesions (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14- 0.88), and
blood transfusion (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-
0.94). There was statistical significant
difference in the mobilization time 7.2 hours
and 9.3 hours in emergency and elective
groups respectively (p= 0.0009), also in
feeding time, it was shorter after emergency
caesarean section (P=0.0224), and in the
hospital stay 24.6 and 32.6 hours respectively
(p=0.0001). There was no statistical difference
in post operative complications. Fetal
outcomes showed no statistical significant
difference in fetal loss, respiratory distress and
readmission.
Conclusion: Women with previous two or
more caesarean deliveries can wait until
starting labor for doing cesarean delivery
without increasing risks to the mother and
fetus.
This research addresses the necessity due to the scarcity of historical studies in the field of sports, especially those indicating the activities and achievements of Arab countries in the Paralympic movement. This study aims to document the participation of Arab countries in the Paralympic Games, explore the prominent sports in which Arab athletes with disabilities participated, and analyze their achievements during the Paralympic Games from 2004 to 2012. The research methodology adopted an analytical, historical approach, collecting and analyzing data objectively through the official website of the International Paralympic Committee, in addition to scientific and historical sources from research papers, journals, and websites. The key fi
... Show MoreIn this work, oral lesions belong to 17 patients, 7 males and 10 females. Their ages range between 15 and 45 years. Follow up was conducted after one day, 7 days, 14 days, one month, and finally 3 months postoperatively. The study lasted for 1.5 year. Surgical diode laser with wavelength of 810 ± 20 nm, with two power levels of 10 and 15 W were used in contact and in non-contact mode via optical fiber. The postoperative outcome revealed; greater haemostatic capability, dry, sealed wound and noticeable lack in pain sensation
The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the hydro-ethanolic catechin extract toward blood glucose, lipid profile and liver functions in alloxan diabetic mice. 50 healthy mice (25-30 g) were divided into five groups of ten animals for each. Group A received normal saline as normal control group. To induce diabetes, alloxan (150 mg/kg), intraperitoneal (i.p.) single dose was injected to groups B, C, D and E. Group B represents diabetic control group. Groups C, D and E received ethanolic catechin extract (30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) for different periods of 1, 2 and 3 weeks as treated groups. Blood glucose, serum lipids [Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TGs) and High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)], asparagine transaminase (AST),
... Show MoreThis research aims at identifying the level of Moral Awareness and the level of Authoritarian Parenting Style of Secondary School Students in Baghdad. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the significant difference between these two variables in term of gender (male-female), as well as the correlation between Moral Awareness and Authoritarian Parenting Style. To do this, the researchers have adopted the scale of moral awareness prepared by the (Assl 2014), which the number of its items was finalized of (28) items. As for the Authoritarian Parenting Style scale, the researcher designed a questionnaire of (22) items as the number of its finalized form. The two instruments were applied on a sample of (140) male and female Students who
... Show MoreThe research aims to determine the impact of Human Resources Accounting (HRA) on employee’s performance. The research’s problem was embodied in the lack of interest in HRA, which was reflected on the performance of employees in the Ministry of Education; the research adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, and the research community included the directors of departments and people at the headquarters of the Ministry of Education. The sample size was (224) individuals from the total community of 533. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for collecting data and information, as well as the interviews that were conducted by the researcher. In order to analyze t
... Show MoreABSTRACTBackground : Acne vulgaris is a
common skin disease, affecting more than 85% of
adolescents and often continuing into adulthood.
People between 11 and 30 years of age and up to
5% of older adults. For most patients acne remains
a nuisance with occasional flares of unsightly
comedones, pustules and nodules. For other less
fortunate persons, the sever inflammatory response
to Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) results in
permanent
Methods: Disfiguring scars. (1, 2) Stigmata of sever
acne cane lead to social ostracism, withdrawal
from society and severe psychologic
depression (1-4).
Result Pathogenesis of acne Traditionally, acne
has been thought of as a multifactorial disease of
the fo
Background: syndrome X or metabolic syndrome is a collection of multiple diseases mainly visceral obesity , hypertriglyceridemia , decrease HDL level, hypertension and elevated fasting blood glucose that lead to accelerated atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms, one of the most important is increase inflammation of the vessels manifested by elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of elevatedhs CRP in people with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis complication (IHD, Cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease) and metabolic syndrome without these complication.Patients and methods:;This is a cross sectional study carried out in Diabetic referral c
... Show MoreThe current research aims at finding out how to properly and correctly manage waste and solid waste and reduce the difficulties faced by all countries. However, it is becoming increasingly acute in developed cities because their economies are growing rapidly. It is necessary to identify the modern methods used in developed countries in managing wastes. The use of modern waste management techniques is a coordinated effort by international agencies within the borders responsible for them. The problem of the study can be identified in the lack of clarity of environmental management procedures in place. The importance of the research contributes to providing greater capacity to the administrative and technical leadership in the municipality
... Show MoreWomen are considered important characters and subjects of discussion in the Glorious Qur’an. Some are portrayed in a positive light while others are condemned . Most women in the Glorious Qur’an are represented as either the mothers or wives of certain leaders and prophets. But the lexical items “Imra’a” امراة and “zawj” زوج occur in the Glorious Qur’an with different meanings depending on the context where they occur.
Translation of the Glorious Qur'an has always been a problematic and difficult issue. Since the Glorious Qur'an is regarded as miraculous and inimitable (i'jaz al-Qur'an), Muslims argue that the Qur'anic text should not be separated from its
... Show More