Background: The immunogenetic predisposition
may be considered as an important factor for the
development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
in association with the HLA antigens.
Objective:This study was designed to investigate
the role of HLA-class II antigens in the etiology of
type T1DM and in prediction of this disease in
siblings, and its effect on expression of glutamic
acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA).
methods:Sixty children who were newly diagnosed
type 1 diabetes (diagnosed less than five months)
were selected. Their age ranged from 3-17 years.
Another 50 healthy siblings were available for this
study, their ages range from 3-16 years. Eighty
apparently healthy control subjects, matched with
age (4-17) years, sex and ethnic backgrounds
(Iraqi Arabs) underwent the HLA-typing
examination. Finally 50 healthy individuals were
selected randomly to undergo GADA test.
Results:At HLA-class II region, DR3 and DR4
were significantly increased in patients (53.33
vs.26.25% and 50.0 vs. 12.5% respectively) as
compared to controls. In
addition to that, T1DM was significantly associated
with DQ2 (33.33 vs.15%) and DQ3 (40.0 vs.20%)
antigens as compared to controls, suggesting that
these antigens had a role in disease susceptibility,
while the frequency of DR2 and DQ1 antigens were
significantly lowered in patients compared to
controls (6.66 vs.25% and 6.66 vs.22.5%
respectively). These molecules might have
protective effect. In siblings a significant increase
frequency of DR4 antigen (34.0 vs.12.5%) was
observed in comparison to controls, suggesting that
it might be much useful for predicting T1DM in
affected families.Anti-GAD autoantibodies were
present in 50% of Type 1Diabetic children, and in
16% of their siblings. High proportion of GADA
was found in the patients carrying HLA-DR3/DR4
heterozygous.
conclusion:Both the T1DM patients and their
siblings shared the HLA- DQ1 as protective
antigens, while DR3 and DR4 were susceptible one,
and high proportion of GADA was found in the
T1DM patients and siblings carrying HLADR3/DR4 heterozygous
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Biological Activity of Complexes of Some Amino Acid
Objectives: The study objectives were to evaluate customer satisfaction with community pharmacy services and measure the relationships between customer satisfaction and pharmacy/pharmacist characteristics and customer quality of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of customers at 20 community pharmacies in 10 different geographical areas in Baghdad city between May and September 2018. We used the satisfaction items which were developed by Paterson and colleagues in 2013. The survey also assessed customer quality of life (QoL) with 12 QoL items. Results: The study recruited 400 pharmacy customers. Overall, customers reported good satisfaction with community pharmacy services. The most
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RHS Nasser, NHY Al-Afoun, SPECIALUSIS UGDYMAS, 2022
Background: Malnutrition in human life may adversely affect various aspects of growth at different stages of life. Teeth are particularly sensitive to malnutrition. Malnutrition may affect odontometric measurement involving tooth size dimensions. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of nutrition on teeth size dimension measurements among children aged 5 years old. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among malnourished group in comparison to well-nourished group matching with age and gender. The present study included 158 children aged 5 years (78 malnourished and 80 well-nourished). The assessment of nutritional status was done by using three nutritional indicators, namely Height-for-age, Weight-for-age and Weight-fo
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Background: Dental stone casts come into contact with impression materials and becomes susceptible to cross contamination from saliva and blood. This study was done to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of dental stone type IV after treatments with various disinfecting agents and regimes (methods). Materials and Methods: Type IV dental stone and different types of disinfecting agents were used and divided into seven groups: G1: dental stone without disinfection (control group), G2: dental stone mixed with silver nitrate powder 0.5% , G3: dental stone mixed with silver nitrate powder 1%, G4: dental stone mixed with copper sulfate powder 0.5%, G5: dental stone mixed with copper sulfate powder 1% ,G6: dental stone immersed in prop
... Show MoreTow simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of mesalazine in pharmaceutical preparations have been carried out. The proposed methods depend on oxidative coupling reaction of mesalazine with m-aminophenol in the existence of N-bromosuccinamide in alkaline medium (method A) and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the existence of sodium metaperiodate in basic medium (method B) to produce colored products , show highest absorptions at 640 (nm) and 515 (nm), alternately. Beer’s law was consistent in concentrations extent of 1.25-30 and 0.5-12.5 (µg.mL-1) with molar absorptivity of 0.36×104 and 0.77×104 L.mol-1.cm<
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