Background: Breast cancer is the first one among Iraqi females. Most of them present later for diagnosis. Early detection center in tertiary hospital practice uses FNAB for early diagnosis. Publications on accuracy of this detection are scarce.

Objective:  To test the accuracy of FNAB in breast lump diagnosis.

Methods: Diagnostic test accuracy study, on 204 women with breast lump, attending the oncology department in 2017.

Results: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of histologically malignant cases were, malignant in 89 (87.3%), suspicious of malignancy in 5 (4.9%), and benign in 4 (3.9%). Complete sensitivity was 87.3%, and specificity

Iris detection is considered as challenging image processing task. In this study efficient method was suggested to detect iris and recognition it. This method depending on seed filling algorithm and circular area detection, where the color image converted to gray image, and then the gray image is converted to binary image. The seed filling is applied of the binary image and the position of detected object binary region (ROI) is localized in term of it is center coordinates are radii (i.e., the inner and out radius). To find the localization efficiency of suggested method has been used the coefficient of variation (CV) for radius iris for evaluation. The test results indicated that is suggested method is good for the iris detection.

      The detection of diseases affecting plant is very important as it relates to the issue of food security, which is a very serious threat to human life. The system of diagnosis of diseases involves a series of steps starting with the acquisition of images through the pre-processing, segmentation and then features extraction that is our subject finally the process of classification. Features extraction is a very important process in any diagnostic system where we can compare this stage to the spine in this type of system. It is known that the reason behind this great importance of this stage is that the process of extracting features greatly affects the work and accuracy of classification. Proper selection of

The process of converting gray images or videos to color ones by adding colors to them and transforming them from one-dimension to three-dimension is called colorization. This process is often used to make the image appear more visually appealing. The main problem with the colorization process is the lack of knowledge of the true colors of the objects in the picture when it is captured. For that, there is no a unique solution. In the current work, the colorization of gray images is proposed based on the utilization of the YCbCr color space. Reference image (color image) is selected for transferring the color to a gray image. Both color and gray images are transferred to YCbCr color space. Then, the Y value of the gray image is combined w

The need for image compression is always renewed because of its importance in reducing the volume of data; which in turn will be stored in less space and transferred more quickly though the communication channels.
In this paper a low cost color image lossy color image compression is introduced. The RGB image data is transformed to YUV color space, then the chromatic bands U & V are down-sampled using dissemination step. The bi-orthogonal wavelet transform is used to decompose each color sub band, separately. Then, the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to encode the Low-Low (LL) sub band. The other wavelet sub bands are coded using scalar Quantization. Also, the quad tree coding process was applied on the outcomes of DCT and

Steganography is one of the most popular techniques for data hiding in the different media such as images, audio or video files. This paper introduced the improved technique to hide the secret message using the LSB algorithm inside the RGB true color image by encrypting it using the secret key transformation function. The key is selecting randomly in the GF (2n) with condition it has an inverse value to retrieve the encrypted message. Only two bits are used for the low byte in each pixel (the blue byte) to hide the secret message, since the blue color has a weak effect on human eyes. The message hidden by the suggested algorithm is less vulnerable to be stolen than other similar applications.

Background: Melanin pigmentation of the gingiva appears in all ethnicities. Excessive pigmentation is an esthetic concern that has increased awareness about depigmentation procedures. This epidemiological study aims to find the correlation between skin color and gingival pigmentation in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan/Iraq.

Subjects and Methods: A total of 820 apparently healthy and non-smokers, including 338 males and 482 females with healthy gingiva, aged between (18-40 years old) were enrolled in this study. Clinical examination on the participants’ gingivae was performed to assess color, and the distribution of pigmentations. Afterward the of participants skin color were

SnS has been widely used in photoelectric devices due to its special band gap of 1.2-1.5 eV. Here, we reported on the fabrication of SnS nanosheets and the effect of synthesis condition together with heat treatment on its physical properties. The obtained band gap of the SnS nanosheets is in the rage of 1.37-1.41 eV. It was found that the photo-current density of a thin film comprised of SnS nanosheets could be enhanced significantly by annealing treatment. The maximum photo-current density of the stack structure of FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt was high as 389.5 mu A cm(-2), rendering its potential application in high efficiency solar hydrogen production.

Image capturing in most still and  motion  digital  cameras  employs a charge  coupled  device  covered  with  a monolithic array  of color  filters such   that   each   pixel   samples  only   one  color   band.   Interpolation   is necessary   to  restore  the  missing  color  samples  in the  resulting mosaic, this process referred  to as demosaicking.

This  paper   gives  an  overview   of  demosaicking,  presents  few

methods   proposed   in  the &nbsp