Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most challenging tumors because of their relative inaccessibility and that their spread can occur without significant symptoms with few signs, but Radiotherapy (RT) has a role in treatment of it.
Objectives: To show that RT is still the modality of choice in the treatment of NPC, to study modes of presentations, commonest histopathological types and their percentages, to show differences in the sensitivities of these types to RT and to find out a 5 year survival rate(5YSR) and its relation with lymph node involvement.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 44 patients with NPC who were treated with routine RT from 1988-2007 at the institute of radiology and nuclear medicine. All patients were treated with megavoltage x-ray with a total dose to the primary lesion was 60-70 Grays (1 Gray = 100 Rads) so we gave 6000-7000 Rads in 6-8 weeks and 50 Grays were applied to the cervical lymphatic chain bilaterally.
Results: 10 out of 44 patients treated have survived more than 5 years (with a 5YSR of 22.7%). In this series of cases, the 5- year overall survival rate is: 60% with stage I, 33.3% with stage II, 28.5% with stage III and 13.7% with stage IV. But, it should be noted that most of them were advanced with stages III and IV accounting for 36 patients i.e 81.8%.
Conclusion: Radiotherapy (RT) is the modality of choice in the treatment of NPC and we must irradiate areas of probable spread with the primary lesion because spread can occur without significant signs and symptoms .The most common histopathological type is undifferentiated carcinoma which is more sensitive to RT than squamous cell carcinoma (scc) or other types of carcinoma.
Also we see that stages III and IV NPC (advanced) comprises high number of the total and the 5-YSR decreases as the patient advances from stage I to stage IV, therefore, early detection and diagnosis is very important.
هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف ما اذا كان هناك تقبل اجتماعي للتلاميذ بطيئي من قبل اقرانهم العاديين؟ وكذلك معرفة ما اذا كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة في التقبل الاجتماعي بين افراد عينة الدراسة على وفق المتغيرات الاتية:
أ- العمر (9-13)
ب- الجنس (ذكور –اناث)
ج- المرحلة الدراسية
د- الحالة الاقتصادية (جيدة –متوسطة –جيدة جدا)
ولغرض تحقيق اه
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Pneumatic processes sequence (PPS) is used widely in industrial applications. It is common to do a predetermined PPS to achieve a specific larger task within the industrial application like the PPS achieved by the pick and place industrial robot arm. This sequence may require change depending on changing the required task and usually this requires the programmer intervention to change the sequence’ sprogram, which is costly and may take long time. In this research a PLC-based PPS control system is designed and implemented, in which the PPS is programmed by demonstration. The PPS could be changed by demonstrating the new required sequence via the user by following simple series of manual steps without h
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Abstract
The method binery logistic regression and linear discrimint function of the most important statistical methods used in the classification and prediction when the data of the kind of binery (0,1) you can not use the normal regression therefore resort to binary logistic regression and linear discriminant function in the case of two group in the case of a Multicollinearity problem between the data (the data containing high correlation) It became not possible to use binary logistic regression and linear discriminant function, to solve this problem, we resort to Partial least square regression.
In this, search th
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In multivariate survival analysis, estimating the multivariate distribution functions and then measuring the association between survival times are of great interest. Copula functions, such as Archimedean Copulas, are commonly used to estimate the unknown bivariate distributions based on known marginal functions. In this paper the feasibility of using the idea of local dependence to identify the most efficient copula model, which is used to construct a bivariate Weibull distribution for bivariate Survival times, among some Archimedean copulas is explored. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed procedure, a simulation study is implemented. It is shown that this approach is useful for practical situations and applicable fo
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Objectives: In developing countries like Iraq, diarrhea was responsible for 70% of deaths among pediatrics. This study was designed to determine Iraqi mothers’ knowledge and malpractices associated with diarrhea management in pediatrics.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was done on a convenient sample of mothers in Baghdad – Iraq. Data collection was done using a validated questionnaire specifically designed for this study.Result: Most participants preferred to consult physicians or pharmacists about pediatrics diarrhea management. Breastfeeding was stopped by 19% of participants, whereas 35% of mothers who depend on formulated milk discontinued it. Only 30% of participants use oral rehydration solution therapy always as a
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Objectives: In developing countries like Iraq, diarrhea was responsible for 70% of deaths among pediatrics. This study was designed to determine Iraqi mothers’ knowledge and malpractices associated with diarrhea management in pediatrics.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was done on a convenient sample of mothers in Baghdad – Iraq. Data collection was done using a validated questionnaire specifically designed for this study.Result: Most participants preferred to consult physicians or pharmacists about pediatrics diarrhea management. Breastfeeding was stopped by 19% of participants, whereas 35% of mothers who depend on formulated milk discontinued it. Only 30% of participants use oral rehydration solution therapy always as a
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(9)
(6)
Nanocrystalline ZnO/Zeolite type A composite was prepared by simple method of operation by . the precipitation of zinc oxide and loading on zeolite 5A in one step. Characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), N2 adsorption- desorption for BET surface area, and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed that zinc oxide was loaded on zeolite as noticed by the characteristic peaks and was of nano scale having an average diameter of 88.57nm. The percentage loading of ZnO on zeolite A was 28.37% and the surface area was 222m2/g. The activity of the prepared catalyst was examined in the desulfurization of double hydrogenated diesel fuel. The process was investigated in a
... Show MoreIn the present study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using a simple low cost method synthesized cold plasma at different exposure time . The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared AuNPs showed surface Plasmon resonance centered at 530, 540,and 533 nm. The XRD pattern showed that the strong intense peaks indicate crystalline nature and face centered cubic structure of gold nanoparticles for all samples were prepared .The average crystallite size of the AuNPs was 20-40 nm. Morphology of the AuNPs were carried out using FESEM. Observations show that the AuNPs synthesized we well dispersed with and particle sizes ranging from 9 to 31 nm with spherical shapes which are cle
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Objectives: In developing countries like Iraq, diarrhea was responsible for 70% of deaths among pediatrics. This study was designed to determine Iraqi mothers’ knowledge and malpractices associated with diarrhea management in pediatrics.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was done on a convenient sample of mothers in Baghdad – Iraq. Data collection was done using a validated questionnaire specifically designed for this study.Result: Most participants preferred to consult physicians or pharmacists about pediatrics diarrhea management. Breastfeeding was stopped by 19% of participants, whereas 35% of mothers who depend on formulated milk discontinued it. Only 30% of participants use oral rehydration solution therapy always as a
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(9)
(6)
Aluminum alloys widely use in production of the automobile and the aerospace because
they have low density, attractive mechanical properties with respect to their weight, better
corrosion and wear resistance, low thermal coefficient of expansion comparison with traditional
metals and alloys. Recently, researchers have shifted from single material to composite materials
to reduce weight and cost, improve quality, and high performance in structural materials.
Friction stir processing (FSP) has been successfully researched for manufacturing of metal
matrix composites (MMCs) and functional graded materials (FGMs), find out new possibilities
to chemically change the surfaces. It is shown th