Objectives: To study the effect of providing tertiary (specialized) health care for type 2 diabetic patients to meet the WHO and ADA standards and glycemic targets.
Method: Six months, Jan. – Jun. 2010, cohort study was conducted on 600 adult diabetics who registered in the National Diabetes Center (NDC) / Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad – Iraq. They were followed for 3- 6 months; each time patients were examined physically and their blood pressure, height, weight and BMI were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken from all patients to test the FPG, HbA1c, T.Chol, TG, HDL and LDL.
Results: Patients’ age was 52.85±15.56 year and the male/female ratio was 1.01, the median duration of disease was 7 years and their BMI was 28.80 ± 13.02 kg/m2. Patients’ achievement during study period, of glycemic and cardiovascular risk factors, meet the targets of ADA, NHANES and NCEP/ATP III Guidelines of FPG, PPG, HbA1c, T.Chol, TG, LDL, HDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 26.74%, 29.09%, 32.78%, 61.0%, 60.86%, 76.19%, 74.35%, 52.54% and 62.50% respectively.
Conclusions: We concluded that tertiary health service can help to meet the international guidelines and recommended targets for type 2 diabetes. Improving quality and coverage of tertiary health services may help in achieve and sustain targets; and afterward close adhering to the WHO and ADA standards and glycemic targets.
Abbreviations: BMI=Body Mass Index, FPG= Fasting Plasma Glucose, PPG = post prandial plasma glucose, HbA1c =glycated hemoglobin, T.Chol. = total cholesterol, TG = Triglyceride, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, ADA= American Diabetes Association, NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NCEP/ATP III = National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel
The developed financial system is essential for increasing economic growth and poverty reduction in the world. The financial development helps in poverty reduction indirectly via intermediate channel which is the economic growth. The financial development enhancing economic development through mobilization of savings and channel them to the most efficient uses with higher economic and social returns. In addition, the economic growth reduces the poverty through two channels. The first is direct by increasing the introduction factors held by poor and improve the situations into the sectors and areas where the poor live. The second is indirect through redistribution the realized incomes from the economic growth as well as the realiz
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