Background: An important factor influencing duration of breastfeeding is mother’s employment status. The nutritional, immunological, psychological and economic benefits of breastfeeding are well documented. Both UNICEF and the World Health Organization recommend mothers should breastfeed exclusively for at least 6 months.
Objectives: To determine how the employment and the employment variables (type of work, time of return to work and hours of work) influence the breast feeding practices.
Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out on a sample of 200 employed mothers who had their last child been completed at least tow years. Data were collected using a questionnaire form. It was carried out during the period from 1st of April to 1st of September, 2000, in Baghdad city/ AL-Risafa in 6 different places where employed mothers of young children were expected to be found.
Results: The study revealed that the impact of employment status was noted on the breast feeding initiation time, breast feeding duration and complementary food initiation time. The majority of employed mothers (56.1%) who worked shorter hours breast-feed for longer durations and starts weaning after the fourth months of the infant’s age. The highest percentage of employed mothers (75.9%) with maternity leave of six months or more breast feed for a year or more and (66.1%) start weaning later than the fourth month of the infant’s life.
Conclusions: The study recognizes that employed mothers who worked shorter hours and mothers with longer maternity leaves breast feed for longer durations and start weaning later than mothers who worked long hours and mothers with shorter maternity leaves. It was concluded that most work-places lack accommodations to support breast-feeding.
In the present article, we implement the new iterative method proposed by Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari (NIM) [V. Daftardar-Gejji, H. Jafari, An iterative method for solving nonlinear functional equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 316 (2006) 753-763] to solve two problems; the first one is the problem of spread of a non-fatal disease in a population which is assumed to have constant size over the period of the epidemic, and the other one is the problem of the prey and predator. The results demonstrate that the method has many merits such as being derivative-free, overcome the difficulty arising in calculating Adomian polynomials to handle the nonlinear terms in Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM), does not require to calculate Lagrange multiplier a
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Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder that is characterized by reduced bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. The most frequent osteoporotic fractures are fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine. The exact causes of OP are still unknown; several factors contribute to the disorder. Subjects and Methods: This study consists of patient groups, this group (Group A) was composed of 80 postmenopausal women with OP and osteopenia and the patient group was subdivided into two group; First group (GroupA1) was composed of 50 postmenopausal women with OP and the second group (Group A2) composed of (30) Postmenopausal Women with oste
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The development taking place in various sports in performance, which was and still takes a large part by focusing on the specialized level of the players, whether in training or competition in all sports, including handball. In the competition (the match) by measuring the hormone beta-endorphin as well as. To identify the changes that occur in some biochemical variables as a result of the high effort in the competition (the match) by measuring lactic acid and the hormone aldosterone). The researcher used the descriptive method, the pre and post test of one group Due to the nature of the research, the research community was represented by Al-Shorta Sports players and Al-Jaish club players in handball, as they numbered (24) players from the t
... Show MoreHuman beings have an innate and natural aim to achieve their self-interests and to show their ability to overcome challenges in a better way, therefore the move towards self determination is expressed by intrinsic motivation. The desire of absorbing in this task is to enjoy the task in it self and benefitting from it such a motivation is the desire rooted in human nature to judge and choose in which individual is conscious in his self, abilities and adequacy that help him in control the different situations of life passed by him. His choices and actions are voluntary and non-restricted to intervention or external control because control is inner and subjective, while his behavior is self-regulated with the feeling of
... Show MorePraise be to Allah. Praise be to Him. We seek refuge in Him. We seek forgiveness from him. We seek forgiveness from him.
And the disadvantages of our actions, of his hands
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It is important, if not all, to pay tribute to God
Muhammad Abdo and Rasoulou, there is no way to deprive the nation of the weakness of God alone and not to share it
Which suffer from the Quran, and the loss of its borders, bad
The work did not work and did not improve
Do what they offer and delay the others, except by reference to this Koran and the extraction of treasures and secrets
And news.
The Great Quran Study
Lu Imito ordered each poisoned, and achieved several targets of
YEMYA: Knowing the secrets of the Grea
Two new nonsymmetrical mesogenic homologous series of terminal substituent ether (series [Vn]) and carboxy (series [VIn]) incorporating azobenzene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole group were synthesized. Both series have been All compounds thus isolated were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 1H NMR, along with thermal analysis and texture observation using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarizing Optical Microscopy (POM), respectively. All compounds of the first series exhibited liquid crystalline properties. The homologues [V1]-[V3] display a nematic mesophase, the compounds [V4]-[V7] exhibit a dimorphism behavior, nematic (N) and smectic A (SmA) mesophases, the compounds [V8] and
... Show MoreThe project has been described the design and construction of a reliable optical testing platform used for evaluate the reflectivity of metal surfaces treated with special paintings required for laser beam attenuation. The platform comprises an Nd-YAG laser system which has been designed and fabricated with specifications to be compatible with their corresponding in laser range finder transmitters used for various applications. The reflectivity of various attenuating paintings, at different detection angles, has been observed. Moreover, the variation of the reflected energy with painting type and metal type to be painted has been studied experimentally. Results illustrated the existence of a definite angle, at which the reflectivity was max
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A study that collected 240 samples and divided into two groups: the first 120 samples were for diabetics and the second 120 samples were for healthy people, and each group included (90, 20.10) samples from the mouth, urine and vagina respectively, The results showed positive (28.67, 4.00, 1.67) isolates of Candida. In the mouth, urine and vagina, respectively, of diabetic patients compared to (9.33, 2.33, 5.00) positive isolates in the mouth, urine and vagina, respectively, in the healthy. The rate of positive isolates in women was high in women with diabetes and healthy, and it reached 25.33 and 9.00 isolates, respectively, compared with the rate of isolates in men with Candida disease for diabetic patients and healthy people 14.67 and 2.0
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