Background : Knee flexors tightness has been documented in apparently healthy adults and in those with musculoskeletal problems, but the influence of age on the tightness has not been studied in Iraq. This study was therefore designed to determine the influence of age on knee flexors tightness in apparently healthy subjects.Methods: Knee flexors tightness was measured using the active knee extension test (AKET) in 200 apparently healthy male and female subjects, aged 13 to 59 years. The subjects were recruited into 5 age groups using the purposive sampling technique.Knee flexors tightness was compared across the age groups using one-way analysis ofvariance (ANOVA). The independent t-test was used to compare knee flexors tightness on both lower limbs in male and female subjects.Results: Subjects' mean age was 29.63 ± 16.72 years. All subjects had knee flexors tightness (absolute extension lag) and this increased with age up to age group 40-49 years. The male subjects had significantly higher knee flexors tightness than the females in all the age groups.Conclusion: This study suggests that knee flexors tightness increases in apparently healthy persons from adolescent up to age 40-49 years and it is higher in males than females.Key words: knee flexors tightness, age, active knee extension test
Age Influence on Knee Joint Flexors
knee flexors tightness
age
active knee extension test
Publication Date
Fri Aug 01 2025
Journal Name
Microbial Pathogenesis
Antibacterial and therapeutic effects of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriocin (VRSAcin) in the treatment of VRSA skin infection in mice
Vancomycin Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a strain of S. aureus that is considered the main cause of bacterial
skin and soft tissue infections. It has acquired resistance to vancomycin and represents a therapeutic challenge.
The current study aimed to compare the possible therapeutic effects of VRSA bacteriocin (VRSAcin) on the
treatment of skin infection in mice with those of an antibiotic (linezolid). The results showed that of the fifty
swabs obtained from human skin wounds. One isolate was selected for VRSAcin extraction depending on its
antibiotic resistance using an antibiotic susceptibility test.An agar well diffusion test was used to determine
bacteriocin’s antibacterial activity
as well as its a minimum inhibitory concentration
minimum bactericidal
concentration
and antibiofilm efficiency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that were resistant to
many medicines. The freshly developed antibacterial substance VRSAcin shows promise. Bacteriocin from VRSA
was extracted and studied the optimal conditions for the Production following Purification of bacteriocin by
ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by cation-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of
bacteriocin about (29 kDa) were determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE). The typical conditions for the production of VRSAcin include a pH of 7 and a temperature of 37 ◦C
for 48 h. In mice
VRSA-contaminated wounds revealed severe tissue distraction and inflammation that extended
to the hypodermis
while VRSA-treated skin showed mild changes and localized lesions to the epidermis and
upper dermis. The skin of linezolid ointment-treated mice showed moderate to severe changes. In conclusion
VRSA strain infections in human burned skin were more common than expected. In vivo studies in mice indicated
that wounded skin infected with VRSA can be treated with VRSAcin as an antibacterial agent that promotes
healing processes with obvious superiority to linezolid ointment. As a result
the VRSA develops bacteriocins that
are appropriate for regulating AMR
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
and may be useful in wound
dressings.
(5)
(4)
