Background: Ultrasonography has been used to examine the thickness of the lower uterine segment in women with previous cesarean sections in an attempt to predict the risk of scar dehiscence during subsequent pregnancy. The predictive value of such measurement has not been adequately assessed. Objectives: To correlate lower uterine segment thickness measured by trans abdominal ultrasound in pregnant women with previous cesarean section with that measured during cesarean section by caliper and to find out minimum lower uterine segment thickness indicative of integrity of the scar.Methods: A prospective observational study at Elwyia Maternity Teaching Hospital, from January 2011 to January 2012. A total of 143 women were enrolled in the study. Those women who were included were pregnant with gestational age (36-40) weeks, all had history of previous one or more cesarean section. Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of thickness uterine segment thickness done with moderately full bladder before delivery and correlated with these measured directly during operation using a caliper. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound calculated with positive and negative predictive value. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of trans abdominal ultrasound in detecting patient at risk of scar dehiscence in patient with previous and cesarean section not starting uterine contractions were very high 90%and 92% respectively with positive and negative predictive value of 90% and 92% respectively with a cut off value of uterine segment thickness of 4.5 mm. It was also has high sensitivity and positive predictive value of 93.4% and 93% respectively with patients that started labor but with low specificity and negative predictive value of 50% and 38% respectively with the same cut off value.Conclusions: Sonographic lower uterine segment thickness is a strong predictor for uterine scar defect in women with prior Caesarean section. However, no ideal cut-off value can yet be recommended, whenever uterine contractions started. But this method carries a high sensitivity and specificity in patients who did not start uterine contractions with a cut-off value of 4.5 mm.
Warm asphalt mixture (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most memorable sustainable materials in world of asphalt concrete pavements . This research aims to study the warm asphalt mixture for different types of filler materials such as ordinary cement and limestone dust. Beside, this research focused on the test of emulsified asphalt properties by evaluating the performance of warm asphalt mixture by Marshall Stability properties as well as moisture sensitivity. The results of this experiment provided many important points. First, The cationic emulsified asphalt is suitable with RAP aggregate for production warm asphalt mixtures .Second, The effective mixing procedure for warm asphalt mixtures consists hea
... Show MoreSeepage occurs under or inside structures or in the place, where they come into contact with the sides under the influence of pressure caused by the difference in water level in the structure U / S and D / S. This paper is designed to model seepage analysis for Kongele (an earth dam) due to its importance in providing water for agricultural projects and supporting Tourism sector. For this purpose, analysis was carried out to study seepage through the dam under various conditions. Using the finite element method by computer program (Geo-Studio) the dam was analysed in its actual design using the SEEP / W 2018 program. Several analyses were performed to study the seepage across Kongele
Abstract
The study aimed to prepare a practical guide for procedures for auditing the strategies of municipal institutions in achieving sustainable development by adopting the idea of the audit matrix through which a classified report is prepared according to the dimensions of sustainable development, by preparing a specialized audit program for the purpose of auditing strategies for achieving sustainable development and emptying the results of the application of each of the paragraphs The program in the audit matrix that was prepared for the purpose of determining the impact of each observation and linkin
... Show MorePerimenopausal bleeding, is a very common problem, which is an alarming symptom for both; women and their doctors because of the rising fears of cellular changes or tumor of endometrium. In our study we tried to prove that collecting endometrial samples using the outpatient method of Pipelle is as effective as collecting the endometrial samples in the traditional method of Dilation and Curettage (DandC) in operation theatre which necessitates general anesthesia. Ninety four patients more than 40 years old were included in the study, all of them were complaining of abnormal uterine bleeding (pregnant ladies and ladies using hormonal contraception were excluded from the study) and endometrial samples were collected first in outpatient
... Show MoreAdolescence is considered to be one of the most dangerous and delicate stages that a juvenile goes through. It is a stage which the juvenile enters while he is a child, and emerges from it by being able to have children, but this does not mean the ability to become socially and psychologically mature
The question about the existence of correlation between the parameters A and m of the Paris function is re-examined theoretically for brittle material such as alumina ceramic (Al2O3) with different grain size. Investigation about existence of the exponential function which fit a good approximation to the majority of experimental data of crack velocity versus stress intensity factor diagram. The rate theory of crack growth was applied for data of alumina ceramics samples in region I and making use of the values of the exponential function parameters the crack growth rate theory parameters were estimated.
The Wang-Ball polynomials operational matrices of the derivatives are used in this study to solve singular perturbed second-order differential equations (SPSODEs) with boundary conditions. Using the matrix of Wang-Ball polynomials, the main singular perturbation problem is converted into linear algebraic equation systems. The coefficients of the required approximate solution are obtained from the solution of this system. The residual correction approach was also used to improve an error, and the results were compared to other reported numerical methods. Several examples are used to illustrate both the reliability and usefulness of the Wang-Ball operational matrices. The Wang Ball approach has the ability to improve the outcomes by minimi
... Show MoreThe spectral response of the Si solar cell does not coincidence with the sun irradiance spectrum, so the efficiency of the Si solar cell is not high. To improve the Si solar cell one try to make use of most region of the sun spectrum by using dyes which absorb un useful wavelengths and radiate at useful region of spectrum (by stock shift). Fluorescence's dye is used as luminescent concentrator to increase the efficiency of the solar cell. The results show that the performance efficiency and out power for crystalline silicon solar cells are improved.
Technological development intersects with terrorism to a large extent, beyond the use of the Internet and social media, in order to spread ideas, obtain support and financing, and recruit new elements, to the area of tactics and techniques of terrorist attacks, and everything related to the arsenal of terrorist weapons in the present and future, while technology offers many benefits. In various fields, and contribute to achieving multiple gains for humanity, they provide extremist and terrorist organizations and elements with a set of weapons and means through which they attempt to bypass monitoring and control efforts and the restrictions imposed on the use of weapons. They also help in planning and implementing their terrorist operations,
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