Cesarean section, which was introduced into clinical practice as a lifesaving procedure for both the mother and the baby, is one of the most common surgeries performed in modern obstetrics. Formerly it was performed in interest of the mother; currently it is frequently done for fetal indication. As other procedures of some complexity, its use follows the health care inequity pattern of the world; underuse in low income setting, and adequate or even unnecessary use in middle and high income setting (1).
The first modern cesarean section was performed by German gynecologist Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer in 1881. Cesarean section is often performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby's or mother's life or health at risk. Many are also performed upon request (2).
Pregnancy and delivery are considered a normal physiological state in women; however, of all deliveries approximately 10% are considered high risk, some of which may require Cesarean section (3).
The cesarean delivery rate has increased throughout the world. Cesarean rates have increased over the past 40 years from approximately 5% to more than 30% in many industrialized countries (4). The cesarean rate is approximately 21.1% for the most developed regions of the globe, 14.3% for the less developed regions, and 2% for the least developed regions (5).
Recent studies reaffirm earlier recommendations of the world health organization (WHO), about optimal C-section rates, addressing that the best outcomes of mothers and babies appear to occur with C-section rates of 5% to 10%, while rates above 15% seem to do more harm than good (6).
In US the cesarean rate increased dramatically during the 1970s and early 1980s this may be accredited to the improved technology in detecting pre-birth distress, and began to decline in the late 1980s (based on data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey). Between 1989 and 1996 the total cesarean rate decreased as a result of a decrease in the primary rate and an increase in the rate of vaginal birth after Cesarean (VBAC). Since 1996, these trends have reversed, and increases have been rapid and sustained for primary and repeat Cesareans over the past decade (7).
According to the Iraq Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006 (Iraq MICS 2006) (8), about 20% of births were delivered by C-section (Table 1). Moreover, a brief and rapid survey of C-sections in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital, indicated that the emergency C-sections account only for 62.2% of the total number of C-sections performed outside the working hours during April 2010 (9).
Factory is trotting home favorite of of Aeidid of Iraqi families since he Amta imparted to the taste of the housewife on the method of processing and preparation and the possibility of using some of the ingredients to raise the nutritional value of meat, sesame and other, but how keep Bz'zajh this product Atne storage
Can not reach a comprehensive concept for interior design through the use of Harmonization term according transformations experienced by the terms of the variables associated with the backlog of cultures that characterize concepts according to the nature of the users of the spaces in the design output, which necessitates the meaning of the combination of knowledge, art, science, such as the type of perceptions design the Harmonization cognitive science with art to create products of the use of design configurations that help the designer to put such a product within the reality and like the fact that reliable, as well as the rational knowledge tend somehow to the objective specifically in facilitating the substance subject to perceptible
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الخلاصة
تتناول هذه الورقة مخططات وسياسات الاستيطان في الضفة الغربية والقدس الشرقية منذ العام 1967، عبر سياسات قادها حزب العمل وأكملها حزب الليكود وكاديما وبقية الأحزاب الإسرائيلية، تلك السياسات التي استهدفت فرض السيطرة السياسية الكاملة على الأرض، وما نتج عن ذلك من سيطرة حصرية على الأرضوتقييد استخداماتها، ومحاصرة الوجود الفلسطيني والتضييق عليه، وتحويل مراكز ال
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This manuscript studied the effect of U-CFRP wrapped sheet anchorage on the flexural performance of unbonded post-tensioned PC members subjected to partial strand damage and strengthened using CFRP Near-Surface Mounting techniques. The program includes six girders as a control girder, a girder with strand damage of 14.2%, and four girders strengthened by CFRP laminates using the NSM technique with and without U-CFRP wrapped sheet anchorages. The testing results show that the strand damage of 14.2% has reduced the flexural strength of the girder by 5.71%. The NSM-CFRP laminate has a significant effect on flexural strength by 17.4%. On the other hand, the application of end U-CFRP wrapped sheet anchorages improves flexural
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Abstract:
This research sheds light on the major sins (fornication and sodomy) as two crimes that are prohibited by the divine laws, including its conclusion by the Islamic Sharia. Major sins so that life and the universe are organized, and the individual lives a life of chastity and purity free of filth and filth. The Islamic message included a set of preventive measures and remedial methods that, if the ummah were to apply them, they would live a decent life full of noble goals.
Background: The most widely used material for fabrication of denture base is poly methyl methacrylate, despite its popularity, the main problems associated with it as a denture base material are poor strength particularly under fatigue failure inside the patient mouth, impact failure outside the patient mouth, which are the main causes for fracture of denture, several studies was done to increase mechanical properties of denture base. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of addition single walled carbon nanotubes in different concentrations to polymethyl methacrylate on some mechanical properties (surface hardness, surface roughness, impact strength and transverse strength). Materials and methods: Forty eight
... Show MoreThe study aimed to reveal the role of social capital represented by its dimensions (structural, relational, and cognitive) in strengthening the management of excellence in Azadi Hospital / Duhok. In order to reach the goal of the study, the study variables were highlighted in theory through framing concepts and literary contributions for researchers in this field, In the field, the questionnaire was used as a basic tool to collect data from the individuals in the research sample who were represented by officials and individuals working from administrators and technicians, as (120) forms were distributed to the respondents, and (110) were retrieved from them in a way that is valid for analysis. Several statistical methods have bee
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Background: Information concerning the maximum bite force in human population is important to clinical orthodontics. Additionally, the influence of bite force on the vertical stability of any treatment result is important. The new position of the dentition should be compatible with the dynamics of the muscular and occlusal forces in all planes. This study was conducted to 1) to measure and compare maximum bite force, body height and weight among normal occlusion and malocclusion groups (cl I,cl II,cl III) in both gender 2) to evaluate the correlation between bite force and craniofacial morphology, body height and weight. Materials and Methods: The sample consists of 100 Iraqi adult subjects aged 18-25 years. It was classified in to four gr
... Show MoreThe Topography, Physical and Optical properties of as-deposited copper oxide CuO absorption layer sprayed using homemade fully computerized CNC spray pyrolysis deposition technique at different deposition speed are reported. These layers are characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, optical microscope, and thickness monitor studies. The optical transmittance study indicates that these layer exhibit high absorption coefficient in the visible range. The optical band gap is found to be at about at speeds (3,6 mm/s). Better homogeneity in CuO layer is found at the speed 5 mm/s. The film thickness lies within the 129-412 nm range.
The current study aims to investigate the effect of (SWOM) strategy on acquiring the psychological concepts of educational psychology course and its retention among education college students. To do this, a sample of (57) male and female student were intentionally selected from first grade, Kurdish department / college of education / Ibin Rushd of human sciences. The sample distributed on two classes, whereby the experimental group consisted of (28) student were taught according to the (SWOM) strategy while the control group made up of (29) student were taught based on the tradition method. The two researchers designed a scale included (50) item to measure students' achievement. The experiment lasted for ten weeks, SPSS was used
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