Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is an important respiratory bacterial pathogen, especially among children. It causes acute upper and lower respiratory infections.Objective: This study was aimed to measure anti- M. pneumoniae antibodies among hospitalized children who were admitted to hospital diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infections.Method: Automated ELISA technique was performed to detect anti- M. pneumoniae antibodies (IgM and IgG antibodies) in serum from 108 children less than 5 years old. The children were admitted to the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Suleimani city/Kurdistan Region/Iraq because of acute respiratory tract infections. A questionnaire was designed to collect demographic and clinical data from those children.Results: IgM anti- M. pneumoniae antibodies were positive in 15 (13.9%) out of 108 children. The highest seroprevalence was found in the age group 25-36 months while the lowest is in the age group 1-12 months. M. pneumoniae infections were more common among males than females though results were statistically not significant, and attendance of kindergarten or nursery, residency, history of chronic diseases, history of contact with similar conditions, and family history of chronic diseases, they were all statistically not significant. The IgMseropositive children were suffering from bronchitis, croup, pneumonia, or other respiratory infections, in frequencies of 7 (46.6%), 4 (26.7%), 3 (20%), and 1 (6.7%) respectively. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, diagnosis of croup, and diagnosis of bronchitis were more frequent in M. pneumoniae infected group and the results were statistically significant. The IgG anti- M. pneumoniae antibodies were positive in 31 (28.8%) out of the 108 children, and the greatest IgG seroprevalence was highest in age group 49-60 months.Conclusion: M. pneumoniae is an important respiratorypathogen among hospitalized children in Sulaimanigovernorate/Kurdistan/Iraq, and nearly one third of childrenhad experienced M. pneumoniae infection by the age of fiveyears
The childhood stage is considered the most important stage of all the stages through
the human being’s life. In this stage the human being will be more affected by the various
factors that surround him/her. The first five years of his/her life leave a great impact not only
on the human being personality, but also on his/her whole life. Therefore, it is worthwhile tobe concerned with and focus at the raising up and the teaching of the child during the
childhood stage.
The mission of raising up children in this era - the era of globalization and information
bursting or news flooding – has become a very difficult or even an impossible mission.
Furthermore, not only in the Arabic world, but also all over the world, t
Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 in Karbala governorate to study the effect of irrigation systems, irrigation intervals, biofertilizers and polymers on some characteristics of vegetative growth and potato production. The results showed that there were significant differences in the values of the average plant height due to the effect of the double interference between the irrigation system and the improvers, The height of potato plant under any irrigation system was superior when adding conditioners compared to the control treatment, as it reached 48.56, 58.00 and 64.33cm when adding polymer, biofertilizer, and polymers+ biofertilizers, respectively compared with the control treatment of 44.64cm in the surf
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Hetero junctions are fabricated by depositing antimony (Sb) and Al films on n-type single crystal(c-Si) wafers by the method of vacuum evaporation with thickness (0.25µm), with rate of deposition equals to 2.77 Å/sec, all samples are annealed in a vacuum for one hour at 473K. The tests have shown that all the films have polycrystalline structure for all Sb films. The barrier heights in (Sb/c-Si) junction was found to be equal 0.825eV, but(Al/c-Si) junction ohmic contact. Current-voltage measurements confirm this behaviour.
The present work focuses on the changing of the structural characteristics of the grown materials through different material characterization methods. Semiconductor CdSxSe 1-x nano crystallines have been synthesized by chemical vapor depostion. (X- ray Diffraction; XRD), (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy; FESEM), measured the characterization of Semiconductor CdSxSe1-x nano crystallines. The optical properties of semiconductor CdSxSe1-x nanocrystallines have been studied by the photoluminescence (PL) (He-Cd pulsed ultraviolet laser at 325nm excitation wavelength) at room temperature. The results showed the change rule of photoluminsence peak at different S
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In this work, copper substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with
chemical formula Co1-xCuxFe2O4 (x=0, 0.3, and 0.7), has been
synthesized via hydrothermal preparation method. The structure of
the prepared materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The (XRD) patterns showed single phase spinel ferrite structure.
Average crystallite size (D), lattice constant (a), and crystal density
(dx) have been calculated from the most intense peak (311).
Comparative standardization also performed using smaller average
particle size (D) on the XRD patterns of as-prepared ferrite samples
in order to select most convenient hydrothermal synthesis conditions
to get ferrite materials with smallest average particl
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The continuous pressure of work and daily life and the increasing financial and social stress that Iraqi women are experiencing (both inside and outside Iraq) is one of the main causes of anxiety, particularly in those of working class women. This group of women carry the burden of carrying out multiple roles and responsibilities at the same time. All this collectively make them more prone to developing anxiety compared to men. In addition, the physiological and psychological nature of women, as females, on top of the other roles in life, like being a wife or mother or daughter or sister, all add extra pressure on women especially for those who are considered as productive working individuals in the society. In order to study the relatio
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Abstract
Personality is one of the most important elements that should be developed in university student. Thus, we have to develop the positive traits and neutralize the negative traits of students as well as we have to pay attention to the level of student achievement at the same time, the researcher designed a scale to measure the traits of study sample. The research come out with a number of recommendations and proposals, the most important of which Enhancing the positive characteristics of university students in order to reach them to the level of mature personality with mental health. Enhancing the positive role of the high level of achievement by motivating the stude
... Show MoreAn experimental study was performed to estimate the forced convection heat transfer performance and the pressure drop of a single layer graphene (GNPs) based DI-water nanofluid in a circular tube under a laminar flow and a uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid at weight concentrations of (0.1 to 1 wt%) were measured. The effects of the velocity of flow, heat flux and nanoparticle weight concentrations on the enhancement of the heat transfer are examined. The Nusselt number of the GNPs nanofluid was enhanced as the heat flux and the velocity of flow rate increased, and the maximum Nusselt number ratio (Nu nanofluid/ Nu base fluid) and thermal performance factor
... Show MoreTo assess cultural competence among nursing students from nine countries to provide an international perspective on cultural competence.
A descriptive, cross‐sectional design.
A convenience sample of 2,163 nursing students from nine countries was surveyed using the Cultural Capacity Scale from April to November 2016.
The study found a moderate range of cultural competence among the students. The ability to teach and guide other nursing colleagues to displ
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