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Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Baghdad: A single-hospital study
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Background: There are so many evidences that there was antimicrobial resistance, and there were many strains that emerged which were difficult to treat. We are living in a situation that the dissemination of multiple drug resistant bacteria can lead us to the situation, in which no treatment could be offered for bacterial infection in future.

Aim of study: Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital in Baghdad.

Subjects and Methods:  A cross-sectional study. The study was carried on from 1st of February to 31st of March 2021.  A questionnaire was constructed by the research team based on literature review and was adapted to assess the nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital. The adopted questions were mainly based on previous studies carried out in Lebanon, and Ethiopia. It was piloted among 10 nurses. The questionnaire was further revised by the research team. The final questionnaire contained 26 questions on the following: Demographics characteristics (5 questions), Knowledge of antibiotics (7 questions), Attitude towards antibiotic use (7 questions); and practice with regards to antibiotic use (7 questions). Analysis plan: IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics version 21 Multilingual and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used to analyze the data. The frequencies were stated first then Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate the association. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: One hundred and eight nurses participated in this study, of whom 101 (93.5%) were female, 31(28.7%) of participants at the age group of (18-27) years, 33(30.6%) were at the age group of (28-37) years, with mean age 26± 0.54 SD. Regarding the highest qualification, 41(38%) graduated from the high school of nursing, 35(32.4%) graduated from the midwife school. About 46(42.6%) of the participants were working in pediatric words, and 23(21.3%) were working in gynecology and obstetrics (Gyn & Obs) words. There was gap in the knowledge especially in nurses who had lowest qualification: 44(40%), of them believe that using antibiotic in cold can speed recovery and 41 (38%) believe that antibiotic can cure viral infections, and 42(38.9%), of them consider that newer and more costly antibiotics affect better.

Conclusion: There was a gap in nurse’s knowledge, and practice, towards the antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, the Current work place was the most effective factor in this gap.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The impact of the Roundtable and Self-Questioning strategies on achievement and self-efficacy For students of the Faculty of Education in the subject of research curricula
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The current research aims to identify "the impact of the round table strategies and the question of self-achievement and self-efficacy among students of the Faculty of Education in research methodology course.” The research sample consisted of (75) male and female-third stage students in the department of Life Sciences / College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Dhi Qar for the academic year (2018-2019. The researcher adopted the experimental approach to achieving the study objectives. The researcher prepared two tools: the achievement test and the self-efficacy scale were applied to the collected sample to obtain the needed data. The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) b

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 10 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research
The Impact of Hydro-Politics on the Relation between Turkey and Iraq Since 1980
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Water one of the most important sources Which is no doubt essential for life surviving, water is vital in many sectors of life e.g. ( agriculture, industrial, power and so many things can’t be restricted on the mentioned items, water has become major problem facing the world today. Competition over water resources between nations has made it as a vital commodity and a justification for waging wars against its neighbor’s countries, there are currently 263 rivers that either cross or demarcate international political boundaries. Geographically, Europe has the largest number of international basins (69), followed by Africa (59), Asia (57), North America (40), and South America (38).The absolute numbers of international basins, as well as t

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
ELEMENTS OF MARKETING MIX AND THEIR ROLE IN CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF BRAND IMAGE: A SURVEY OF SAMPLE OPINIONS FROM CONSUMERS OF ENIEM BRAND IN THE ALGERIAN MARKET.: ELEMENTS OF MARKETING MIX AND THEIR ROLE IN CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF BRAND IMAGE: A SURVEY OF SAMPLE OPINIONS FROM CONSUMERS OF ENIEM BRAND IN THE ALGERIAN MARKET.
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The current research aimed to analyze the importance, correlation and the effect of independent variables represented by marketing variables on the dependent variable represented by local brand, through taking ENIEM as a model for this study, which represents a sensitive sector for the Algerian consumer. The results of the study evinced that the Algerian consumer has a positive image toward the brand ENIEM given marketing variables which has acquired considerable importance to this consumer. Also, the results of this study showed a statistically significant correlation between marketing variables and good perception toward the brand ENIEM, at the same time, the existence of a statistically significant effect for each of these variables o

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
Role of calcium-regulating hormones, adipocytokines and renal function test in the progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of Iraqi patients
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A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-60 years in Baghdad and 20 non diabetic persons as controls. Laboratory assessment of glucose related parameters; Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Insulin and Insulin resistance (IR), renal function test; Blood urea, serum creatinine, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P), Calcium regulating hormones; Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and vitamin D, cytokines, Adiponectin and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and comparison these parameters between patients and controls. The results: a high significant (p˂0.01) increase in FBG level in the patients (211.34 ± 11.20 mg/dl) as compared with control (85.89 ± 3.07 mg/dl). A high significant (p˂0.01

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Effect of adding wheat peat and spraying with its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on growth and yield of red cabbage
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 18 2022
Journal Name
Bmc Public Health
Children’s rates of COVID-19 vaccination as reported by parents, vaccine hesitancy, and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among children: a multi-country study from the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Huge efforts are being made to control the spread and impacts of the coronavirus pandemic using vaccines. However, willingness to be vaccinated depends on factors beyond the availability of vaccines. The aim of this study was three-folded: to assess children’s rates of COVID-19 Vaccination as reported by parents, to explore parents’ attitudes towards children’s COVID-19 vaccination, and to examine the factors associated with parents’ hesitancy towards children’s vaccination in several countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 19 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Role of Ginkgo biloba Extract as Monotherapy in Improving the Outcomes of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Comparative Study with Metformin
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The present study evaluates the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract as monotherapy on the glycemic status, insulin resistance (IR), body mass index (BMI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), in addition to the inflammatory markers, oxidative status and leptin level in patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison with metformin.

The study is a randomized, double-blind pilot study conducted during the period May to September, 2020. Fifty patients were recruited in the study and they were allocated into two groups (25 per each group): Ginkgo biloba and Metformin groups, they received (120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract/ capsule) and (500 mg Metformin/ capsule) respectively; orally as a single dose for 90 days. Blood samples were taken at z

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal: Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
A Study the effect the direction of the distribution of lighting to improve Images in different lighting by using technique adaptive histogram equalization
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Risks assessment for the retrieval of radioactive waste from the old Russian cemetery Al -Tuwaitha site
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In this work the radioactive wastes in the Old Russian
Cemetery Al -Tuwaitha site were classified according to risks for
workers who are involved in the retrieval process. The exposure
assessment results expressed as estimates of radionuclide intakes by
inhalation and ingestion, exposure rates and duration for external
exposure pathways, and committed effective dose equivalents to
individuals from all relevant radionuclides and pathways. Results
showed the presence of natural radionuclides Ra-226, Th-234 and K-
40, as well as the produced radionuclide Cs-137 and Eu-152 in the
cemetery wells. The absorbed doses from the waste were classified to
two categories; exempt waste and low level waste according to

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Ethics (stop harming, guarding the tongue, spreading peace and spending) in the hadiths of the Prophet, book (Faith) from Sahih Al-Bukhari / model - analytical study: : Ethics of restraining harm in the hadiths of the Prophet "Analytical study"
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(Social values) are of great importance in the lives of nations and peoples as they are the frame of reference that governs the relations of members of society to each other and regulates their life affairs.

And the Prophet of Islam (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him) has told about a group of (social values) such as: spreading peace, feeding food, being fair in dealing with others, and clarifying what a Muslim should have towards his Muslim brother from the safety of the chest and refraining from harming him with the tongue and hand, and so on. Ethics and behaviors that are directly and closely related to (social values).

The best book that abounds with these (social valu

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