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Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Baghdad: A single-hospital study
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Background: There are so many evidences that there was antimicrobial resistance, and there were many strains that emerged which were difficult to treat. We are living in a situation that the dissemination of multiple drug resistant bacteria can lead us to the situation, in which no treatment could be offered for bacterial infection in future.

Aim of study: Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital in Baghdad.

Subjects and Methods:  A cross-sectional study. The study was carried on from 1st of February to 31st of March 2021.  A questionnaire was constructed by the research team based on literature review and was adapted to assess the nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital. The adopted questions were mainly based on previous studies carried out in Lebanon, and Ethiopia. It was piloted among 10 nurses. The questionnaire was further revised by the research team. The final questionnaire contained 26 questions on the following: Demographics characteristics (5 questions), Knowledge of antibiotics (7 questions), Attitude towards antibiotic use (7 questions); and practice with regards to antibiotic use (7 questions). Analysis plan: IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics version 21 Multilingual and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used to analyze the data. The frequencies were stated first then Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate the association. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results: One hundred and eight nurses participated in this study, of whom 101 (93.5%) were female, 31(28.7%) of participants at the age group of (18-27) years, 33(30.6%) were at the age group of (28-37) years, with mean age 26± 0.54 SD. Regarding the highest qualification, 41(38%) graduated from the high school of nursing, 35(32.4%) graduated from the midwife school. About 46(42.6%) of the participants were working in pediatric words, and 23(21.3%) were working in gynecology and obstetrics (Gyn & Obs) words. There was gap in the knowledge especially in nurses who had lowest qualification: 44(40%), of them believe that using antibiotic in cold can speed recovery and 41 (38%) believe that antibiotic can cure viral infections, and 42(38.9%), of them consider that newer and more costly antibiotics affect better.

Conclusion: There was a gap in nurse’s knowledge, and practice, towards the antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, the Current work place was the most effective factor in this gap.

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 04 2016
Journal Name
University Of Plymouth
‘History Engraved on his Shoulder’: A Comparative Study of the Influence of British First World War Poetry on Post 1980 Iraqi War Poetry "embargoed indefinitely"
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Abstract This study aims to compare British war poetry of the First World War with Iraqi poetry from the mid-20th century with special reference to Iraqi war poetry of the 1980’s Iraq-Iran War and the period that followed it. It will also investigate the influence of the designated British war poetry on the chosen body of Iraqi poetry. Through the comparison of sample poems the study presents, firstly, the direct influence of the British poetry of the Great War and its translation which formed the seeds of a more radical movement in Iraqi poetry during the 1980’s Iran/Iraq War and the period that followed it. The study also presents a comparison of the works of British and Iraqi civilian poets during and after the war time and their con

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 28 2023
Journal Name
Mathematics
The Impact of Fear on a Harvested Prey–Predator System with Disease in a Prey
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A mathematical eco-epidemiological model consisting of harvested prey–predator system involving fear and disease in the prey population is formulated and studied. The prey population is supposed to be separated into two groups: susceptible and infected. The susceptible prey grows logistically, whereas the infected prey cannot reproduce and instead competes for the environment’s carrying capacity. Furthermore, the disease is transferred through contact from infected to susceptible individuals, and there is no inherited transmission. The existence, positivity, and boundedness of the model’s solution are discussed. The local stability analysis is carried out. The persistence requirements are established. The global behavior of th

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 20 2020
Journal Name
Talent Development & Excellence
Turn-Taking in Conversation between a Chef and Boss and among Chefs
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DBN Rashid, Talent Development & Excellence, 2020

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2016
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Risk factors for autism in Baghdad city
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Background: Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. Autism affects the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills.Objectives: To identify risk factors for Autism among a sample of autistic children in Baghdad city. Type of the study: this is a case – control, study. Methods: This study was conducted during the period of data collection extended from first of November 2010 until the first of April 2011,The total number of children involved was 100children with diagnosis of autism. Handred children who are free from autism were taken as the control sample. Results: there was a significant association between paternal age and

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 02 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Mental Health among Disabled in Baghdad
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The aims of this research are : 1. To measure mental health among disabled in Baghdad. 2. To identify the statistical differences in mental health among disabled in Baghdad according to gender. 3. To identify the statistical differences in mental health among disabled in Baghdad according to age. The scale of mental health (Aljbori&abdulhussin,2015) was adopted by the researcher, A purposely sample were selected of (60) disabled at Iraqi Alliance of Disabilitiv (IAD) in academic year 2015 to 2016. Where data have analyzed by SPSS. The results found. 1. The disabled characterized with good level of mental heath. 2. There was no significant differences between ganders 3. There are no significant differences between age. Results and rec

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 22 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A study to compare the cleaning efficiency of different irrigation systems for macro debris removal in instrumented canals (An in vitro study)
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Background: Irrigation of the canal system permits removal of residual tissue in the canal anatomy that cannot be reached by instrumentation of the main canals so the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency of conventional irrigation system, endoactivator sonic irrigation system,P5 Newtron Satelec passive ultrasonic irrigation and Endovac irrigation system in removing of dentin debris at three levels of root canals and to compare the percentage of dentin debris among the three levels for each irrigation system. Materials and methods: Forty extracted premolars with approximately straight single root canals were randomly distributed into 4 tested groups of 10 teeth each. All canals were prepared with Protaper Universal ha

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Kinetic Study and Simulation of Oleic Acid Esterification in Different Type of Reactors
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Esterification reaction is most important reaction in biodiesel production. In this study, oleic acid was used as a suggested feedstock to study and simulate production of biodiesel. Batch esterification of oleic acid was carried out at operating conditions; temperature from 40 to 70 °C, ethanol to oleic acid molar ratio from 1/1 to 6/1, H2SO4 as the catalyst 1 and 5% wt of oleic acid, reaction time up to 180 min. The optimum conditions for the esterification reaction were molar ratio of ethanol/oleic acid 6/1, 5%wt H2SO4 relative to oleic acid, 70 °C, 90 min and conversion of oleic 0.92. The activation energy for the suggested model was 26625 J/mole for forward reaction and 42189 J/mole for equilibrium constant. The obtained results s

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Publication Date
Sun May 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Modern architecture in the planning of the city of Baghdad
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The city of Baghdad underwent various changes and developments, which significantly influenced its urban character. And other urban fabric. The most prominent changes in the architecture of that period characterized by the emergence and spread of modern architecture, it represents the period between the 1940s and the late seventies of the twentieth century, which had its many reasons and various factors that paved and supported, and even encouraged the spread of modern architecture of the world, The advanced world in the adoption of a global architecture spread in the city of Baghdad by a number of international architects and Iraqis, who came from those countries and saturation ideas

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 22 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A comparative study to evaluate the shear bond strength of different resin sealers to dentin (An in vitro study)
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Background: One of the major problems in endodontics is micro-leakage of root canal fillings which might contribute to the failure of endodontic treatment. To avoid this problem, a variety of sealers have been tested. The objective of this, in vitro, study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of four resin based sealers (AH plus, silver free AH26, RealSeal SE and Perma Evolution permanent root canal filling material) to dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty non-carious extracted lower premolars were used. The 2mm of the occlusal surfaces of teeth were sectioned, to expose the dentin surface. The exposed dentin surfaces of teeth were washed with 5ml of 2.5% NaOCl solution followed by 5ml of 17 % EDTA then rinsed by deionized water to remov

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 03 2023
Journal Name
The Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine
Immunological Assessment of Human Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Iraqi Female With Thyroid Autoimmune Disease
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Human Adenosine deaminase is an essential enzyme for modulating the bioactivity of thyroid hormones, and It is important for the maturation and differentiation of lymphocytes, although its clinical importance in thyroid diseases have yet to be identified. Objective: The aim of the current study is to determine the Adenosine deaminase concentration in healthy controls, and in autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves' Disease, and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Patients and methods: A total of 183 serum specimens of 103 female patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and 80 healthy control groups were included in this study and collected from the Baghdad Medical City, Iraq. Quantitative Human Adenosine Deaminase ELISA kits were used to estimate

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