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Peers Pressure And Families Smoking Habit Influence On Smoking Behavior among male Students attending Secondary Schools At second Al- Kurkh education Directorate /Baghdad.
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Background:  There is a strong desire of adolescent to have a peer group and to be appreciated and also to become a member of this group which can affect one each other. There for; encourage, adapting,and imitating of friends and group consider as the main reasons behind starting of smoking among youngsters. Smoking habits in the family were found tobe acause of smoking pressure among adolescentas peer pressure. Smoking habit may be started before 18 years of age in most adult smokers.

Objectives: To study the effect of peer pressure and family smoking habiton the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students.

Type of the study:  A cross sectional study .

Methods: the study done with cluster sampling method; was conducted between 1st of March to 30th of May 2016. By clustering schools and randomly 7 schools were selected;3secondary schools, 3 intermediate schools and 1 professional secondary school these schools were from second Al- Kurkh education directorate /Baghdad.A total of (1993)boy students were included. An anonymous self-completion questionnaire was used..The questionnaire was  essure and family smoking habiton the smoking status of students.

Results: The results of the study showed an increasing prevalence of smoking habits among students both forcigarette23.6% -41.4%, and shisha4.1% - 38.8%by increasing the class grade, and also by existing smoking parents(cigarette30.1%,and shisha 32.7%). The prevalence of nonsmoking habit among students decreases by increase smoking family members (63.4% -3.9 %).

Conclusion: The effects of peer pressure and family smoking habit were obvious among students with statistically highly significant association. Education and awareness for anti-tobacco programs should be adopted in the curriculum of all secondary schools.

Keywords: peer pressure, family smoking habit, cigarette, shisha, secondary schools, students.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of applying resource consumption accounting technology on rationalizing pricing decisions in economic units
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The aim of the research is to demonstrate the extent of the impact of resource consumption accounting technicality as an administrative technique that is compatible with the rapid developments and changes in the external environment, with the information it provides and scientific foundations in the allocation of indirect costs, and the identification and measurement of idle energy and its costs in a way that contributes to the rationalization of pricing decisions in economic units. In light of the intense competition and the multiplicity of alternatives, and to achieve this goal, a random sample was chosen.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 04 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of silica layer on bonding strength of thermoplastic nylon to cold cure acrylic resin
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Background: The combination of thermoplastic nylon resin materials and auto polymerizing resin is necessary in some situation for repair and adjustment. This study evaluated shear bond strength between thermoplastic nylon material (flexible) and auto polymerizing acrylic resin subjected to holes and silica coated layer. Materials and Method: Forty five (45) specimens were prepared from flexible acrylic bonded to auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and divided into three groups according to the surface treatments as follows: Group A: 15 specimens of flexible acrylic bonded with cold-cure acrylic by holes. Group B: 15 specimens of flexible acrylic bonded with cold-cure acrylic by silica coated layer. Group C: 15 specimens of flexible acrylic bon

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Publication Date
Sun May 27 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Advanced Transportation
Accident Management System Based on Vehicular Network for an Intelligent Transportation System in Urban Environments
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As cities across the world grow and the mobility of populations increases, there has also been a corresponding increase in the number of vehicles on roads. The result of this has been a proliferation of challenges for authorities with regard to road traffic management. A consequence of this has been congestion of traffic, more accidents, and pollution. Accidents are a still major cause of death, despite the development of sophisticated systems for traffic management and other technologies linked with vehicles. Hence, it is necessary that a common system for accident management is developed. For instance, traffic congestion in most urban areas can be alleviated by the real-time planning of routes. However, the designing of an efficie

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 01 2021
Journal Name
European Journal Of Dentistry
Effects of Long Durations of RF–Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dental Implants
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Objectives Dental implant is a revolution in dentistry; some shortages are still a focus of research. This study use long duration of radiofrequency (RF)–magnetron sputtering to coat titanium (Ti) implant with hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain a uniform, strongly adhered in a few micrometers in thickness. Materials and Methods Two types of substrates, discs and root form cylinders were prepared using a grade 1 commercially pure (CP) Ti rod. A RF–magnetron sputtering device was used to coat specimens with HA. Magnetron sputtering was set at 150 W for 22 hours at 100°C under continuous argon gas flow and substrate rotation at 10 rpm. Coat properties were evaluated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electro

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 16 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Numerical analysis of molecules intersystem crossing effect on a passively Q- switched laser pulse characteristics
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The effect of molecules intersystem crossing (Kisc) on characteristics
(energy and duration) of a Passive Q- switched Laser Pulse has been
studied by mathematical description (rate equations model) for
temporal performance of which was used as a saturable absorber
material (passive switch) with laser. The study shows that the energy
and duration pulse are decreasing while the molecules intersystem
crossing into saturable absorber energy levels is increasing.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2016
Journal Name
Radiology Case Reports
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration in elderly woman: a rare case report with emphasis on imaging findings
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Current Medical Science
Biomechanical Evaluation of Nano-Zirconia Coatings on Ti-6Al-7Nb Implant Screws in Rabbit Tibias
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 07 2022
Journal Name
Eurasian Journal Of History, Geography And Economics
The impact of monetary policy on monetary stability in Iraq for the period (2004-2018)
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Monetary policy is an important part of the economic policy to influence the monetary aspect of stabilization, for this reason the research will seek to clarify the extent of the impact of monetary policy in achieving monetary stability in Iraq during the chosen research period, because the Iraqi economy suffers from monetary instability due to political and security turmoil, Therefore, an effective and effective monetary policy is required in terms of reducing inflationary pressures to reach the required monetary stability, in order to create the appropriate monetary environment for the work of the economic and productive sectors. Thus, the research adopted a basic hypothesis that monetary policy in Iraq has a clear impact on achieving mon

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the Effect of thickness on the Optical Properties Performance of active polymeric laser media
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The paper include study the effect thickness of the polymeric sample which is manufactured by thermo press way. The sample was used as an active tunable R6G laser media. The remarks show that, when the thickness of the samples is increased, with the same concentration, the spectrum will shift towards the short wavelength, & the quantum fluorescence yield will increased. The best result we obtained for the quantum fluorescence yield is (0.68) at the sample, with thickness (0.304mm) in Ethanol solvent, while when we used the Pure Water as a solvent, we found that the best quantum fluorescence yield is (0.63) at (0.18mm) thickness of the sample.

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 01 2022
Journal Name
Brazilian Journal Of Chemical Engineering
A computational study on the potential application of Ca12O12 cluster for sensing of fungicide molecule
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Density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the impact of edifenphos molecule on the reactivity and electronic sensitivity of pure calcium oxide (CaO) nanocluster. The strong adsorption of edifenphos molecule on CaO nanocluster occurs by the sulfur head of the adsorbate, and the amount of the energy of this adsorption is around − 84.40 kcal/mol. The adsorption of edifenphos molecules results in a decrease in the values of Eg of CaO from 4.67 to 3.56 eV, as well as an increase in the electrical conductance. Moreover, the work function of CaO nanocluster is significantly affected, which changes the current of the field emission electron. Eventually, the recovery time is calculated around 99 ms at ambient temperature f

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