This study was performd on 50 urine specimens of patients with type 2 diabetes, in addition, 50 normal specimens were investigated as control group. The activity rate of maltase in patients (6.40±2.17) I.U/ml and activity rate of maltase in normal (0.44±0.20)I.U/ml. The results of the study reveal that maltase activity of type 2 diabetes patient's urine shows significant increase (P<0.01) compare to normal.

Objectives: to assess chronic diseases patients’ knowledge toward stroke risk factors and warning signs, besides
determining the relationship between chronic diseases patients’ knowledge and their sociodemographical
characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at public medical clinics which has started from December
2
nd, 2008 to August 8th, 2009. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (300) chronic diseases individuals who
were clients of Public Medical Clinics who have one or more of the following chronic diseases (hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, and previous stroke), in Baghdad city. The data were collected through the use
of a constructed questionnaire which consists

Background: The present study involved the following parts, the first part is evaluation of the levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), creatinine, uric acid(UA) and albumin in patients with diabetic nephropathy comparison with the group of healthy as a control group. The second part is the measurement and evaluation of oxidative stress represented in the malondihydehyde(MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress as well as the identification of vitamins C and E as an antioxidant in patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN) compared with the healthy group. Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate oxidative stress by calculate malondialdehyd as biomarker and evaluate some vitamins such as vit C and vit E as antioxidants in diabetic neph

The aim of this research is to know danger of radioactive isotopes
that are found in samples of drugs traded in Iraqi markets. The
samples are Iraqi Amoxicillin, English Amoxicillin, UAE
Amoxicillin, Indian Amoxicillin, Iraqi Paracetamol, English
Paracetamol, UAE Paracetamol and Indian Paracetamol. By high
purity germanium the activity of the following isotopes 40K, 214Pb,
228Ac and 137Cs is measured and the specific activity was used to
calculate the annual effective dose. Then the calculated annual
effective dose values are compared with the allowable annual
effective dose values of each part of digestive channel. This research
concluded that the measured annual effective dose values are not
dangerous.<

Background: In advanced diabetes mellitus, serum levels of the most hormones are altered due to several interplaying mechanisms. Objective: To assess the relation of serum leptin and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Patients and Method: Serum leptin levels and its relation to lipid profile were estimated in 62 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy attending the National Diabetes Center in Al- Mustansiriya University, and (26) healthy individuals considered as control group. The diabetic patients were classified into three groups, (24) pathients with normoalbuminuria (21) patients with microalbuminuria and (17) patients with macroalbuminuria. Fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, Hb A1c %, lipid profile (Total c

In line with the most recent trends in genre analysis (Swales, 1990; Bahatia,
1993) and discourse studies on business communication (Dudley-Evans and St.
John, 1998;Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and C. Nickerson, 1999, the article focuses on a
particular financial genre, Bank's Annual Reports (ARs). More in detail, in contrast
in widespread claim about the purely financial and informative nature of ARs,
addressing experts only, this paper aims at illustrating in accordance with Bexley
and Hynes (2003), and Burrough's (1986) considerations, that those reports
endeavour to promote the company image and to leave a positive impression on
readers. Generally speaking, companies communicate because they exist: they have
a na

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between two most common diseases in Iraqis patients , which are Diabetic mellitus (DM) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA); seeking rheumatoid factor in hyperglycemic sera. The results revealed that ; 62.5% of hyperglycemic (HG) patients had positive rheumatoid factor (RF) . No difference in number between both gender of HG patients (20 males and 20 females ) , RF reaction was nearly similar in males and females of HG patients ( 12 &13 respectively ) . Only 40% out of patient controls had positive RF . None of the apparently healthy subjects had positive RF .

To achieve the objectives of the study, a non –probability (purposive) sample of (50) nurses were selected those were working at the oncology wards at the above listed hospitals. The data selected according to the criteria of the study sample. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through an expert panel consists of (11) specialist expert and its reliability was determined through a pilot study by test – retest which was estimated as averages (R=0.89). Data was collected by direct interview technique using the questionnaire formal and data was analyzed by application of descriptive & inferential statistical methods (frequency, percentage, mean of score and Chi-Square). The resul